新冠肺炎疫情防控中医务人员职业暴露危险因素及对策分析

Risk Factors and Countermeasures of Occupational Exposure of Medical Personnel under COVID-19 Epidemic

新型冠状病毒肺炎属于严重的呼吸道病原体感染,表现出明显的“医院聚集性”传播特点。通过阐释职业暴露和新型冠状病毒肺炎职业暴露的概念。结合新冠肺炎疫情防控下实际情况,从医务人员感染的传播风险和感染率、临床特点和尚未出现超级传播者三个方面分析医务人员在此次疫情中的感染现状。通过现状分析,从生物性职业危险因素、化学性职业危险因素、物理性职业危险因素、暴力因素和心理因素五个方面总结归纳新冠肺炎疫情防控中医务人员可能面临的职业暴露风险因素。分别从隔离传染源和切断传播途径,建立“安全督导员”机制规避生物性、化学性和物理性职业暴露的风险,从为医务人员提供专业的心理咨询而减少他们的心理应激,从完善相关法律层面减少医务人员暴力职业暴露的风险。

The COVID-19 is a severe respiratory pathogen infection,showing a distinct“hospital cluster”transmission characteristics.This paper illustrated the concept of occupational exposure and COVID-19.Combined with the actual situation of COVID-19,the infection status of medical personnel in this outbreak was analyzed from three aspects:the transmission risk and infection rate of medical personnel,the clinical characteristics and the undiscovered super-spreader.Through the analysis of the present situation,this paper summarized the possible occupational exposure risk factors of medical personnel in COVID-19 from five aspects:biological occupational risk factors,chemical occupational risk factors,physical occupational risk factors,violence factors and psychological factors.From isolating the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route,the“safety supervisor”mechanism is established to avoid the risks of biological,chemical and physical occupational exposure,from providing professional psychological counseling for medical personnel to reduce their psychological stress,and from improving the relevant legal level to reduce the risk of medical personnel's violent occupational exposure.