7种矮化中间砧对‘嘎拉’和‘富士’苹果树体生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of Seven Dwarf Interstocks on the Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Gala’and‘Fuji’Apple Trees

为筛选优质苹果抗寒矮化砧木,以八棱海棠为基砧,用课题组筛选的3种苹果抗寒矮化砧木‘俄砧1号’‘俄砧2号’‘俄砧3号’和国内普遍应用的4种矮化砧木‘M26’‘M9’‘SH6’‘SH18’为中间砧,分别嫁接‘嘎拉’和‘富士’苹果品种,研究7种矮化中间砧对‘嘎拉’和‘富士’苹果树体生长、果实品质和产量的影响。观测指标包括新梢长度、砧穗比、树高、冠径、果实品质(可溶性固形物、硬度、单果质量)和累计产量。试验结果表明:‘嘎拉’/‘俄砧2号’砧穗组合嫁接亲和性好,砧穗比接近1,树体矮化适度,新梢长度较长,单果质量较大,为221.87 g,连续9 a累计产量较高,为23403.22 kg/667 m^(2);‘富士’/‘俄砧1号’砧穗组合树体矮化性强,在单果质量和可溶性固形物含量上明显优于其他嫁接组合,9 a累计产量最高,为32940.77 kg/667 m^(2)。

In order to screen high quality apple cold-resistant dwarf rootstocks,the‘Gala’and‘Fuji’apple varieties were grafted onto three cold-resistant dwarf interstocks,‘Ezhen 1’‘Ezhen 2’and‘Ezhen 3’,as well as four interstocks commonly used in China,‘M26’‘M9’‘SH6’and‘SH18’,meanwhile the Malus micromalus was used as the rootstock.The effects of seven dwarf interstocks on the growth,fruit quality and yield of‘Gala’and‘Fuji’apple trees were studied based on measurement of the shoot length,the scion/interstock ratio,the tree height,the canopy wideness,the fruit quality,and yields.The results indicated that the‘Gala’/‘Ezhen 2’scion/interstock combination had good grafting compatibility,the scion/interstock ratio was close to 1,the tree was moderately dwarfed,the new shoot length was long enough,the single fruit weight 221.87 g was big enough,the nine-year cumulative yield 23403.22 kg/667 m^(2) was high enough.However,the‘Fuji’/‘Ezhen 1’scion/interstock combination showed that the tree had strong dwarfness,and it is significantly better than other grafted combinations in terms of single fruit quality and soluble solid content.Its nine-year cumulative yield was the highest,which is 32940.77 kg/667 m^(2).