肇庆市油茶产业发展分析思考

Analysis and Thought on the Development of Camellia oleifera Industry in Zhaoqing City

肇庆市宜林地资源充足,气候条件适宜种植油茶,油茶栽培历史悠久,具有发展油茶产业的有利条件,但目前全市油茶林面积小、产量少、多为散生、不成规模,应促进油茶产业化发展。为此,提出了肇庆市发展油茶产业要重视栽培区域与立地、油茶品种与苗木、茶油产量与品质等3大关键科技问题。油茶基地规划与建设务必考虑海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子及土壤种类、土层厚度、土壤质地、石灰反应、有机质含量等土壤条件,做好水源工程,坚持水肥耦合;多数地方宜主要发展岑软系列油茶品种,海拔明显较高的山区推荐选用粤韶系列油茶品种;宜通过加强放养传粉昆虫、人工辅助授粉、喷施微量元素等措施提高油茶坐果率。同时,要坚持绿色、生态栽培,做好油茶病虫害预测预报,预防为主、综合防治,生物防治和栽培调控相结合,创新肇庆油茶栽培模式。有必要研究制订肇庆市油茶产业发展规划,以扩大油茶林资源为发展基础,加强油茶科技引进、研发和推广,重视与肇庆乡村振兴相结合,发展油茶产业的支持措施和市场服务,大力培育肇庆油茶品牌与口碑。

Zhaoqing City has sufficient forest land resources and suitable climatic conditions for planting Camellia oleifera.Camellia cultivation has a long history and has favorable conditions for the development of the C.oleifera industry.However,at present,the area of C.oleifera forests in the city is small;the output is small,and most of them are scattered and not large-scale.Therefore,the industrialization of C.oleifera should be promoted.The development of the C.oleifera industry in Zhaoqing City should pay attention to three key scientific and technological issues:the cultivation areas and sites,the varieties and seedlings of C.oleifera,and the yield and quality of Camellia oil.The planning and construction of C.oleifera base must consider topographical factors such as altitude,slope,aspect,and soil conditions such as soil types,soil layer thickness,soil texture,lime reaction,organic matter content,etc.,do a good job of water source engineering,and adhere to water and fertilizer coupling;most places should be mainly developed C.oleifera varieties of Cenruan series;the C.oleifera varieties of Yueshao series are recommended to be used in mountainous areas with significantly higher altitudes.The universal problems of low fruit setting rate of C.oleifera should be overcome by strengthening the stocking of pollinating insects,artificial auxiliary pollination,spraying trace elements and other measures;prevention and control with cultivation and regulation should be combined and the cultivation mode of C.oleifera should be innovated.It is necessary to study and formulate the development plan for the C.oleifera industry in Zhaoqing city,based on expanding the resources of C.oleifera forest,strengthening the introduction,R&D and promotion of C.oleifera technology,attaching importance to the combination with Zhaoqing’s rural revitalization,developing supportive measures and market services for the C.oleifera industry,and vigorously cultivating Zhaoqing camellia brand and reputation.