城乡融合体制下农村宅基地管理与制度改革探讨

Discussin on the Mangment and System Reform of Rural Homestead under the Urban-rural Integration System

近年来,宅基地作为农村资产最重要的资源要素,逐渐受到高度重视。随着社会发展与国家体制改革,农村宅基地制度也在随之调整变化,从2014年开始宅基地改革试点,但受困于城乡二元结构影响,宅基地改革管理存在较多掣肘。本文通过分析现行政策下宅基地与城市住房在主体、功能、市场、保障等方面的主要差别,有针对性地提出宅基地管理与改革的主要思路,保证居住功能,赋予更多财产权利,探索金融功能实现,发挥改革合力。在此基础上,借鉴城市住房成熟经验做法,推进城乡深度融合发展,打通城乡二元结构壁垒,探索赋予宅基地完整权能,逐步建立统一的宅基地流转交易市场,推进使用权抵押融资试点,设计资格权有偿退出机制,建立坚强法制基础和组织保障,多措并举更好发挥宅基地财产、金融功能,推动农村宅基地管理改革走向深入,为全面推进乡村振兴奠定坚实制度基础。

Homestead in recent years as the most important resource elements of rural assets,it is gradually taken seriously.However,the system of homestead also changes with social development and national system reform.Since 2014,homestead reform has been piloted,but due to the influence of urban-rural dual structure,there are many constraints in homestead reform and management.By analyzing the main differences between homestead and urban housing in subject,function,market and guarantee under the current policy,this paper puts forward the main ideas of homestead management and reform,ensuring residential function,endowing more property rights,exploring the realization of financial function,and exerting the joint force of reform.On the basis of the above,this paper draws lessons from the mature experience and practices of urban housing,promoting the deep integration of urban and rural development,opening up the dual structural barriers between urban and rural areas,and it explores the complete power of housing land,and gradually establishes a unified transfer market of housing land,at the same time,it promotes the pilot of mortgage financing of right of use,and designs the paid exit mechanism of eligibility right,also establish a strong legal basis and organizational security,and take various measures to better exert the property and financial functions of housing land,as well as push forward the reform of rural housing land management to a deeper level,and lay a solid system foundation for Promoting Rural Revitalization in an all-round way.