马克思对黑格尔官僚制理论的批判及其当代意蕴

Marx's Criticism of Hegel's Theory of Bureaucracy and Its Contemporary Significance

黑格尔在《法哲学原理》中阐释了其官僚制理论,认为官僚制代表了普遍利益,在市民社会和国家之间起中介和调节作用。马克思站在唯物主义的立场上批判黑格尔颠倒了官僚制的本质,指出官僚制是将自身的特殊利益伪装成普遍利益,固化了国家与社会的对立,是一种内容上的形式主义,并提出用民主制替代官僚制度的设想。在国家治理现代化的背景下,要借鉴马克思官僚制批判思想,警惕权力的异化,遏制形式主义和官僚主义,赋予人民更加彻底的民主权利。

Hegel explained his theory of bureaucracy in the Principles of Legal Philosophy.He believed that bureaucracy represented universal interests and played an intermediary and mediating role between civil society and the state.From the standpoint of materialism,Marx criticized Hegel for inverting the essence of bureaucracy.He pointed out that bureaucracy disguised its own special interests as universal interests,solidified the opposition between the state and society,and was a formalism in content and put forward the idea of replacing the bureaucratic system with democracy.In the context of the modernization of national governance,it is necessary to learn from Marx’s bureaucratic critical thinking,guard against the alienation of power,curb formalism and bureaucracy,and give the people more thorough democratic rights.