困境中前行:近代中国国民海洋观念的觉醒与深化

Moving ahead in Difficulties:the Awakening and Development of the Ocean Concept in Modern China

鸦片战争后,由于部分有识之士的呐喊、晚清海防教育的初步发展以及近代出版业的兴起等原因,近代中国国民形成了以海防观为主的海洋观念。但这一观念带有一定的被动性和保守性。甲午战争后,西方海权观念传入中国,近代国民的海洋观念得到了进一步丰富和发展。从其发展历程来看,近代国民的海洋观念是不断深化的,既有对传统海洋观的反思,也有对西方海洋观的探求,近代中国国民海洋意识在内忧外患的困境中缓慢前行。

After the first opium war,some intellectuals awakened and called for change.Coastal defense education in the late Qing Dynasty developed slowly.For various reasons,modern Chinese people formed the thought of coast defence which was passive and conservative.After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894,the concept of sea power was introduced into China.The Marine concept of modern people had been further enriched and developed.On the whole,the marine idea of modern Chinese people was deepened continuously.There was a reflection on the traditional view of the sea and a search for the western view of the sea.In a word,the Marine Consciousness in Modern China moved ahead slowly in the plight of internal and external troubles.