偃师商城遗址大口尊的原料配方与生产消费

Tracing the Recipe and Consumption of Dakouzun of Yanshi Shangcheng

本文通过分析偃师商城制陶作坊区及小城内出土大口尊的胎壁化学成分及显微结构,讨论大口尊的原料配方、成型工艺与生产消费情况。偃师商城遗址的大口尊使用普通易熔黏土制作,以泥质灰陶为主,泥质红陶大口尊常见器壁渗炭现象。灰陶大口尊与红陶大口尊的元素组成无显著性差异,大口尊胎壁出现的颜色分层现象同烧成阶段窑内气氛的变化、强弱,渗炭工序及胎体孔隙度有关。偃师商城使用的大口尊多为本地生产,宫城大口尊与作坊大口尊的原料相近,样品中高钙型、高硅型及高铁型大口尊皆以本地生产为主。一期时胎体配方的标准化程度最低,二期时最高,三期时标准化程度降低,不同时段大口尊的化学成分差异主要表现在熔剂元素的含量上,其中又以氧化钙含量的差异最大。2段与5段时大口尊的原料配方最为多样,2段为偃师商城陶器系统的形成阶段,技术稳定性差,因此大口尊胎体化学成分的标准化程度低。5段时原料配方的多样性源于工匠对制陶原料性能的探索与配方创新。2段与5段大口尊原料配方的多样性皆同所处时段偃师商城聚落的发展情况密切相关。

The paper discusses the raw material recipe,firing procedure,and production and consumption of the zun vases(dakouzun,large mouth vase)excavated from the pottery workshop and the palace precinct of Yanshi Shangcheng by analyzing the chemical composition and paste microtructure.Those zun vases are made of ordinary fusible clay,and are mainly uiliarian gray pottery without temper,while red zun vases were usually coated with charcoal in the inner and outer walls.There is no significant difference between the elemental composition of the gray and red zun vases,and the color stratification of the body is related to the change and strength of the kiln at-mosphere,the process of carbon seepage and the porosity of the body during firing.Most of the zun vases used in Yanshi Shangcheng were produced locally,and the raw materials of the zun vases from the palace area and the workshop were similar.Besides,the samples of high-calcium,high-silicon and high-iron zun vases were also main-ly manufactured locally From phaseⅠto phaseⅢ,the standardization degree of the raW material recipe of zun vases varies.Distinctions in the chemical compositions of zun vases in different phases are mainly in the content of the fAlux,among which the quantity of calcium varies significantly.Zun vases from stageⅡandⅤhave the most di-verse raw material formulations.StageⅡis a time when the characteristic pottery system of Yanshi Shangcheng was establishing,and the unstable technical stability leads to the low degree of standardization of the chemical composition of the zun vases.A diverse material recipe during stageⅤderives from the exploration in paste properties by crafts-men to enhance the performance of raw materials.The diversity of raw material in both stages is closely related to the development of Yanshi Shangcheng in corresponding periods.