不同雷诺数下速滑运动员阻力特性研究及减阻服装建议

Resistance Characteristics of Speed Skater Under Different Reynolds Numbers and Suggestions for Drag Reduction Clothing

为探明不同雷诺数下速滑运动员直道姿态阻力特性,提升减阻服装面料布置和结构设计的效率,基于国家速度滑冰队员直道姿态的扫描数据逆向工程建模,采用CFD方法利用SST k-ω 湍流模型求解雷诺数在3×10^(5)~5×10^(5),不同速度时运动员周围空气流场并分析运动员表面阻力特性。结果表明:速度滑冰直道姿态压差阻力占95%左右,摩擦阻力占5%,随雷诺数的增加,摩擦阻力占比有减小的趋势;压力主要集中在头部上侧、肩部、大臂区、大腿和小腿迎流区域。小腿外侧是减阻面料和版型设计的聚焦区域,脚踝减阻设计也不可忽略;大腿部位减阻面料应着重考虑大腿两侧的减阻设计;减阻服装连衣帽减阻应考虑头部靠后并非头部的两侧。

This study aims to explore the resistance characteristics of speed skaters'straight track posture under dif-ferent Reynolds numbers and to improve the efficiency of fabric layout and structure design of drag reduction cloth-ing.Based on the reverse engineering modeling of the national speed skater's straight posture scan data,the air flow field around the athletes at different speeds within the Reynolds number 3×10^(5) to 5×10^(5) was solved with the CFD method by utilizing SST k-ω turbulence model and the surface resistance characteristics of the athletes was ana-lyzed.Speed skating straight track posture pressure difference resistance accounts for about 95%,friction resist-ance accounts for 5%,and with the increase of Reynolds number,the proportion of friction resistance tends to de-crease;the pressure is mainly concentrated on the upper side of the head,shoulders,upper arms,and thighs and the calf head-on area.The outer side of the calf is the focus area of drag reduction fabric and pattern design and the drag reduction design of the ankle should not be ignored.The drag reduction fabric of the thigh should focus on the drag reduction design on both sides of the thigh;the drag reduction of the drag reduction clothing and the hat should consider the back of the head rather than the both sides of the head.