植物营养生物学研究方向探讨

Discussion on the research direction of plant nutritional biology

植物营养生物学是重点研究植物活化、吸收、转运与利用养分的生理、分子及遗传机制的科学。在过去的30年,我国植物营养生物学研究取得了长足的发展,但从国家自然科学基金资助情况分析,与相关学科相比,近10多年来植物营养生物学总体研究力量相对薄弱,缺乏新一代领军人才。一些研究更接近于“纯”植物生物学,与植物营养应用研究出现脱节,对农业绿色发展及化肥产业升级的支撑不够。植物营养生物学研究者应该重视与作物育种、耕作栽培、生态环境、植物保护及化肥产业的合作,跟踪这些领域的研究现状及生产中面临的技术需求,围绕这些领域的技术“瓶颈”开展植物营养基础研究,在提供解决途径的同时创新植物营养生物学机理,从而丰富植物营养学理论。在研究内容上,建议重视控制养分响应度的生理与遗传机制,养分信号与环境信号互作,养分×土壤×管理互作及其对根系生长的影响,养分供应与抗生物胁迫,高产高效的植物营养生理学基础,特种作物的营养机理,化肥产品升级的生物学途径等方向的研究。

The major research areas in plant nutritional biology include the physiological,molecular,and genetic mechanisms underlying nutrient remobilization,uptake,transportation,and utilization in plants.In the past three decades,there have been significant advances in plant nutritional biology in China.However,data from the National Science Foundation of China indicates that plant nutritional biology research has been less intensive than other related disciplines in the last ten years.In addition,few new generation scientists emerged in the field.Most research works are close to pure plant biology,shifting away from applied research in plant nutrition.Consequently,the green agricultural development and fertilizer industry upgrade are not supported.We suggest that plant nutritional biology researchers collaborate with peers in plant breeding,soil cultivation and crop management,ecological service,plant protection and fertilizer industry etc.They should focus on the current situation and technical demands of plant nutritional biology.Also,there is a need to conduct basic research on the bottleneck techniques in plant nutritional biology.The aforementioned would help identify new mechanisms in plant nutrition theory and establish practical solutions to the current challenges.Particularly,the following research areas should be stressed:the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying plant response to nutrient supply,the interaction between nutrient and environmental signals,the effects of nutrient×soil×management on root growth,nutrient supply and biotic stresses,the nutritional and physiological mechanisms underlying high crop yield and efficient nutrient use,plant nutrition mechanisms of special valuable crops,and the biological pathways to upgrade fertilizer products.