《民法典》“人-物”对立逻辑的校正——民事权利体系解释的起点

The Logical Correction of the Distinction and Opposition Between Persons and Things:On the Origin of Property Right Interpretation in the Chinese Civil Code

基于人只能是目的的现代伦理观念,解释《民法典》的民事权利体系应坚持维护法律人格概念的纯洁性。然而,人格利益和财产利益经常相伴而生,同时存在于一个交易的场合,在考虑人格与财产区分的观念时,也要承认这种不同利益相互交织的现实。财产权从来都与人格密切相关,即使法人这种为财产关系而设的拟制主体,也是为了实现人的利益需求而设,而只有生物人的伦理意义即法律人格才是人格和财产区分的真正依据。市场交易不会以“人-物”对立区分的界限去定义所有可能的交易形式,即使是只能作为权利主体的人,也可能产生许多能够交易的内容,例如人的姓名、肖像等人格符号,即以“物”的观念来看待“人”。同样,物不会真的和“人”脱离,总会以不同的方式和人格联系,从而在交易中表现为不像是单纯的客体,即以“人”的观念来看待“物”。

The interpretation of property right in the Chinese Civil Code should keep the simplicity of legal personality,which is based on the modern ethics.However,personality interests and property interests often exist in the same transaction.Considering the distinction,the interaction between personality interests and property interests should be recognized.Property rights have always been closely related to personality.The legal person,as a fiction subject for property relations,is also set for the realization of person’s interests.While the legal personality,ethical significance of biological person,is the basis of difference between personality and property.It is impossible to define all the forms of market transactions by the distinction between persons and things.As subject of the right,persons can generate kinds of transactions in the views of things.Personal symbols can be used to transact such as names,portraits,etc.Similarly,things always relate to humans in different ways,which don’t act the original role,in the views of humans.