“十五”以来我国杂交小麦审定品种分析

Analysis of Authorized Hybrid Wheat Varieties in China since The Tenth Five-Year Plan

对"十五"以来我国杂交小麦审定品种的产量构成和品质特性等进行了汇总和分析。结果表明,"十五"以来,我国共审定杂交小麦品种22个,"十二五"以来审定速度明显加快,北方冬麦区是我国杂交小麦品种审定主要区域;审定品种产量水平总体呈上升趋势,北方冬麦区杂交小麦品种生产试验的产量平均每年增长76.0kg/hm^(2),增幅为1.25%,审定品种综合品质亦不断提升;杂交小麦审定品种产量与库容量呈正相关关系,穗粒数和千粒重潜力的挖掘与提升对产量增长的贡献最为明显,但是有效穗数并未明显提升,因此进一步提高成穗数,实现库容量扩充,对提高杂交小麦产量潜力和加快杂交小麦品种审定具有重要意义。

This paper summarized and analyzed the variety approval,yield components,quality characteristics of hybrid wheat since“The Tenth Five-Year Plan”of China.The results showed that 22 hybrid wheat varieties have been approved in China since“The Tenth Five-Year Plan”,and the approval speed has been significantly accelerated since“The 12 th Five-Year Plan”.The northern winter wheat region has become the dominant region for the approval of hybrid wheat varieties in China.The yield of approved varieties showed an increasing trend.The average annual yield of hybrid wheat varieties increased by 76.0 kg/ha in production test in northern China,with an average annual increase of 1.25%.Meanwhile,the quality of hybrid wheat varieties also improved continuously.There was a positive correlation between yield of approved hybrid wheat varieties and sink capacity,and the exploitation and improvement of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight potential contributed the most to yield increase,but the spike number did not increase significantly.It is of great significance to improve the yield potential of hybrid wheat and speed up approval of hybrid wheat varieties by further increasing the spike number and expanding the sink capacity.