中国危险废物管理的历史沿革——从“探索起步”到“全面提升”

Historical evolution of hazardous waste management in China——from“initial stage of exploration”to“all-round improvement stage”

如何对危险废物进行有效管理已成为当今世界各国政府环境管理部门共同面临的一个重要问题,也是减少危险废物产生量、降低危险废物危害性的关键。回顾了中国危险废物管理法规、制度和利用处置行业的建立和发展过程,并根据对危险废物的认识过程,将中国危险废物管理分为探索起步阶段、体系构建阶段、能力构筑阶段和全面提升阶段,分析了不同阶段的主要特征和重要事件,阐明了当代危险废物管理模式产生的现实必要性和历史必然性,最后提出了中国建设现代化危险废物管理体系的重要意义。本研究可为我国建立设现代化的危险废物管理体系、提升危险废物监管水平提供参考。

Effective management of hazardous waste has become a major environmental problem faced by all countries in the world,and it is also the key to reduce the generation and harmfulness of hazardous waste.This paper reviewed the establishment and development process of China’s hazardous waste management regulations,systems and utilization and disposal industry.According to the understanding process of hazardous waste,China’s hazardous waste management was divided into initial stage of exploration,system construction stage,ability construction stage and all-round improvement stage.The main characteristics and important events of these four stages were analyzed in this paper,and the practical necessity and historical inevitability of the contemporary hazardous waste management model were expounded.In the end,the significance of building a modern hazardous waste management system was pointed out.This study can provide a reference for China to establish a modern hazardous waste management system,improve the level of hazardous waste supervision.