容积率1.0左右的传统院落空间与现代住区设计应用研究——以上海安亭新镇莱茵半岛项目为例

Research on Application of Traditional Courtyard Space and Modern Residential Area Design at 1.0 Floor-Area Ratio

本文以上海安亭新镇莱茵半岛项目为例,浅析容积率1.0住区规划解决新方案——原创低层高密“手拉手”组团。区别于传统住宅小区坐北朝南建筑“排排坐”的规划方式,本次在上海地区创新设计并建成使用的两层为主局部三层的L合院“手拉手”五层叠墅的规划方式,从传统院落空间中吸取精髓,在总图规划层面,不仅有利于营造强围合感的住区小组团,打造有机的总图规划形态,而且在组团之间的公共通道层面,将原来六层叠拼山墙面降为两层高的L合院墙面,这样使得街道高宽比控制在1左右,是一个对行人比较友好的舒适尺度;在建筑空间层面,五层叠拼产品通过结构转换,套内流线、收纳、管线等精细化设计,实现上下叠双面宽产品南向横厅无梁,中间层四面宽平层产品南向四面款空间无剪力墙无下挂梁的结构体系,即“魔方户型”,此产品可脱离结构限制,客户可以根据自己的家庭结构,就像小时候玩魔方一样,设计出个性化的房间布置形式。希望本文的研究成果可为相关应用与研究提供参考。

This article takes the Rhine Peninsula project in Anting New Town of Shanghai as an example,and analyzes a new solution for residential area planning with a floor-area ratio of 1.0—original low-rise and high-density“hand in hand”cluster.Different from the traditional residential district’s planning method of“sitting in rows”with buildings facing south,the planning method of“hand in hand”five layered villas and L-shaped courtyard with two-story predominant and three-story occasional is innovatively designed and built in Shanghai.Through absorbing the essence from the traditional courtyard space,at the general plan level,it is not only conducive to creating a strong sense of enclosing residential clusters,and establishing an organic general plan form,but also at the level of public passages between the clusters,the previous six-story cascading gable is reduced to a two-story L-shaped courtyard metope,so that the street aspect ratio is controlled at about 1,which is a comfortable scale that is friendly to pedestrians;at the architectural space level,the five-story cascading products are subject to structural transformation and refined design,such as flow line,storage,pipeline within unit,to realize a structural system of upstairs and downstairs stacking,double-sided wide product,south-facing horizontal hall without beams,and the four-sided wide flat layer product as the middle story,south-facing four-sided without shear walls or suspended beams.This structural system is called“Magic Cube Layout”,this product can break away from the structural restrictions,and customers can design a personalized room layout according to their own family structure,just like playing Rubik’s Cube when they are young.This article is expected to provide references for related applications and research.