考虑ECA和碳税政策的班轮航线及货物分配优化

Optimization of Liner Routes and Cargo Allocation under ECA and Carbon Tax Policy

在排放控制区(简称ECA)和碳税政策的绿色航运背景下,为研究航速优化、航线配船和货物分配等问题,采用基于速度和船舶载重的燃料消耗函数,构建了班轮公司收益最大化的混合整数非线性模型。随后通过变量替换等方式,将该模型转换为含整数的凸优化问题,并以中国ECA为背景进行了数值仿真实验。结果表明,忽略船舶载重的燃料函数将得不到最优的运营方案,班轮公司除采取在ECA内低速航行,在ECA外适当加速的策略外,还能拒绝合理数量的货物以实现最大收益。此外,ECA内航距增加虽能有效降低硫排放,却增加了碳排放量和碳税成本。当低硫燃料价格增长至某临界值时,班轮公司应采用增加配船数的策略,在收益最大化的同时还能实现碳减排的效果。

Under the green shipping background of emission control area(ECA)and carbon tax policy,in order to study speed optimization,shipping routing,and cargo allocation,a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model of liner company revenue maximization was constructed by using the fuel consumption function based on speed and shipload.Then,by employing variable substitution,the model was transformed into an integer convex optimization problem equivalently.The numerical simulations were carried out against China ECA.The results show that neglecting the fuel function of the shipload may lead to the formulation of a sub-optimal operation plan;liner companies may not only adopt the strategy of low-speed sailing in the ECA area and appropriate acceleration outside the ECA area,but also refuse a reasonable amount of cargo to obtain the maximum profit;the increase of sailing distance on ECA may effectively reduce sulfur emissions,but increase carbon emissions and carbon tax costs;when the price of low-sulfur fuel increases to a certain critical value,liner companies should adopt the strategy of increasing the number of ships to achieve the effect of carbon emission reduction while maximizing the income.