高纯石英的研究进展及发展趋势

High purity quartz:Research progress and perspective review

石英是一种在地壳上大量分布,有着广泛工业用途和广阔应用前景的矿物。当石英晶体形成演化时,受结晶时环境条件、流体性质、结晶后遭受改造(如变质作用、构造变形和热扰动等)等影响,杂质元素如P、Ti、Ge、Al、B、Be、Ca、Na、K、H、Li等会或多或少存在于石英晶体中,因此在自然界不存在纯SiO_(2)组分的石英。同时,基于石英的微量元素组成,可以反演石英源区和形成演化过程,并用于研究岩石及矿床成因等科学问题。石英晶体内部杂质元素以类质同象替代、气液包裹体、矿物包裹体(不能按尺度分,应该按照状态划分存在形式)3种形式存在。石英中杂质元素的种类、含量、赋存形式,特别是包裹体特征将直接影响石英资源的品质和工业用途。本文还系统地阐述了石英的发光特性、工艺性能以及高纯石英的质量分类与标准和高纯石英原料来源等方面的内容。在本研究中,通过光学显微镜和激光拉曼测试,初步地查明了苏北张锦庄石英砂和广西姑婆山花岗岩石英中流体包裹体的分布和矿物包裹体的种类,这是开展后续研究的基础。高纯石英是优质石英资源经纯化加工得到的高品质石英原材料,可用于石英玻璃、石英坩埚、半导体、高温灯管、光纤、精密光学、微电子和太阳能等高新技术产业中。研究高纯石英原料的评价体系、理想源岩和形成机制有益于持续性地供给高纯石英原料,极大地提高了石英原料的工业附加值。

Quartz is widely distributed on the Earth’s surface.It has a broad range of industrial uses and other application prospects.Natural quartz,however,are not entirely SiO_(2) but contain other elements more or less,such as P,Ti,Ge,Al,B,Be,Ca,Na,K,H,and Li,affected by the physico-chemical conditions/properties of crystallizing melt or fluid as well as post-crystallization alterations(such as metamorphism,structural deformation,and thermal disturbance).Diagenetic study of quartz based on its trace element compositions plays a part in petrological and metallogenic investigations of mineral deposits.The impurity elements in quartz are in forms of lattice impurities or nano-to macro-scale inclusions,and the impurity type,quantity,and form(specially inclusions)affects the quality and industrial use of quartz directly.Here,topics including the luminescent properties and technical performance of quartz,quality classification and rating standard for high purity quartz,source materials of high purity quartz are systematically reviewed.Also,the distribution of fluid inclusions and types of mineral inclusions in quartz from the Zhangjinzhuang quartz sand(Northern Jiangsu)and Guposhan granite(Guangxi)were determined in this study by optical microscopy observations and laser Raman analysis to provide a basis for subsequent research.High purity quartz of high quality and value is naturally formed(such as crystal)or processed from high quality quartz raw materials.It is an environment-friendly strategic resource used in high-tech industries,such as semiconductor,high-temperature lamp tubing,fiber optics,precision optics,microelectronics,and solar energy.Researches on the evaluation system,ideal source rock and formation mechanism for high purity quartz raw materials are beneficial for ensuring a sustainable supply of high purity quartz raw materials and increasing the added value of quartz products.