电脉冲处理及其辅助金属加工技术研究现状

Research Status of Pulse Current Treatment and Assisted Metal Manufacturing Technology

电脉冲施加于金属材料时会产生热效应与非热效应,两种效应的耦合作用能够促进位错移动和原子扩散,提高空位扩散的迁移率,导致金属材料的微观结构演变,形成电致塑性效应。从电致塑性效应的基本理论出发,综述了电脉冲处理调控金属材料组织结构的研究进展以及电脉冲在辅助塑性加工和切削加工方面的应用情况,指出未来研究重点应集中在电脉冲处理及其辅助加工中热效应和非热效应的耦合机理以及复杂结构零部件加工时的电流密度分布等方面。

When pulse currents are applied to metal materials,thermal and non-thermal effects will occur.The coupling of the two effects can promote dislocation movement and atom diffusion and increase the mobility of vacancy diffusion,leading to the evolution of microstructure of metal materials and forming an electroplastic effect.On the basis of the basic theory of electroplastic effects,the research progress on the pulse current treatment regulating the microstructure of metal materials and the application of pulse currents in auxiliary plastic processing and cutting processing are reviewed.It is pointed out that future researches are focused on the coupling mechanism of thermal effects and non-thermal effects in pulse current treatment and pulse current assisted processing,and current density distribution in application to complex structure parts,etc.