孕期PM2.5暴露对子代出生体重影响的研究进展

Advances on effect of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on birth weight of offspring

PM2.5是空气污染物的重要组成部分,其对全身各系统器官都会产生不同的危害。孕期PM2.5暴露会导致胚胎先天畸形、早产、胎儿出生体重异常等不良妊娠结局,严重时导致新生儿死亡。大量流行病学研究表明,孕期PM2.5暴露与子代出生体重变化之间存在相关性。PM2.5可能通过血管重构、炎症、氧化应激、免疫、表观遗传等机制影响胎儿的出生体重,但其作用机制尚不清楚。另外也应该考虑在高浓度的PM2.5环境下,人类外出活动减少等主观社会行为因素对胎儿出生体重的影响。目前尚无明确的药物防治以减轻或预防PM2.5所致的健康危害。控制环境PM2.5污染仍是有效预防PM2.5暴露导致各种不良妊娠结局的重要举措。

PM2.5 is an important component of environmental pollutants,which can cause different harm to various systems and organs of body.Exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as congenital malformations of embryos,premature delivery,abnormal birth weight of fetuses,and even neonatal death.A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that there is a correlation between PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and changes in birth weight of offspring.PM2.5 may affect fetal birth weight through vascular remodeling,inflammation,oxidative stress,immunity,epigenetics and other mechanisms,but the specific mechanism is not clear.In addition,the influence of subjective social behavior factors,such as decrease of human outdoor activities on fetal birth weight in the environment with high PM2.5 concentration should also be considered.At present,there is no clear drug prevention to reduce or prevent the health hazards caused by PM2.5.Controlling environmental PM2.5 pollution is still an important measure to effectively prevent various adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by exposure to PM2.5.