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妊娠期糖尿病导致子代先天性肾脏及尿路畸形的研究进展 被引量:2

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摘要 妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)不包括孕前已确诊的1型或2型糖尿病,它是孕妇在妊娠期间首次发现的糖耐量异常,是常见的妊娠期合并症之一[1-2]。两篇分别来自于欧洲和中国大陆地区的Meta分析指出,欧洲GDM的发病率为5.4%(3.8%~7.8%)[3],中国大陆地区发病率为14.8%(12.8%~16.7%)[4]。流行病学调查研究表明,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,GDM的发病率正逐年升高[4-6]。GDM可使孕妇和胎儿围产期患病率和病死率上升,严重影响母婴健康,并且对患者和子代有长远的影响,可增加母亲产后2型糖尿病的发生率和子代发生肥胖、糖尿病的危险性[7]。并且,GDM患者的胎儿始终暴露于宫内高糖环境,更易出现手足多指畸形、脊柱缺损、泌尿道畸形、消化道畸形、神经系统畸形、先天性心脏病等先天畸形[8-10]。当前,对妊娠期糖尿病的治疗和管理,主要采取医学营养治疗和运动疗法相结合的方式,如采取上述方法后,空腹血糖及餐后两小时血糖仍异常,加用胰岛素控制血糖[2]。而妊娠期糖尿病经规范化治疗后,围产期不良结局率和子代畸形发生率均有所下降[10-11]。
出处 《四川医学》 CAS 2022年第1期82-87,共6页 Sichuan Medical Journal
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