违法相对论的肯定与限制——兼及法益重合论之提倡

The Affirmation and Restriction of the Relative Illegality Theory--Advocation of Coincidence of Legal Interests Theory

实践中大量出现的刑民、刑行交叉案件对违法性判断的标准和程度都提出了新的理论挑战,亟需理论回应。违法一元论无法从逻辑上正确推导出法秩序统一的结论,而违法相对论可与法秩序统一原理更好地兼容。且作为违法一元论理论根基的二次规范理论,逻辑上并不妥当自洽,也无实践操作之可能。不同部门法的目的各异为违法相对论的合理性证成提供了理论支撑,同时可以为公民提供更加明确的行为指引。比较而言,违法相对论更为合理、可行。在以违法相对论为基础判断刑事违法性之时,应根据不同部门法所评价法益是否重合而区分对待。

In practice,a large number of cases which involves the connection issue between civil law and criminal law,as well as administrative law and criminal law,have raised new theoretical challenges to the standard and degree of judging illegality,which is in urgent need of theoretical response.The monism of illegal theory cannot logically correctly deduce the conclusion of the unity of legal order,while the relative illegality theory can be better compatible with the principle of the unity of legal order.Moreover,as the foundation of the monism of illegal theory,the quadratic normative theory is not logically appropriate and self-consistent,and there is no possibility of practical operation.The different purposes of each legal field provide theoretical support for the relative illegality theory.Also,the relative illegality theory can provide clearer guidance for citizens.Comparatively,the relative illegality theory is more reasonable and feasible.When judging criminal illegality based on the relative illegality theory,we should treat it differently according to the coincidence of legal interests of different departments.