履带自走式草莓旋耕起垄施肥复式作业机设计与试验

Design and experiment of crawler self-propelled ridging and fertilization combined machine for strawberry

为解决江苏、安徽等长江中下游地区草莓种植季节土壤含水率高,传统草莓起垄机具易打滑、起垄高度不够、效率低、功能单一等问题,研制一种履带自走式草莓旋耕起垄施肥复式作业机,以橡胶履带式底盘为动力,采用垄沟位开沟培土、形垄装置拢土、垄体仿形镇压综合起垄技术完成起垄作业,利用分层施肥装置完成垄体分层对位施肥作业,通过理论分析与三维建模,确定旋耕开沟装置、垄体仿形镇压装置、分层施肥装置等关键部件的结构参数。并对机具进行静态的排肥性能测试以及田间作业性能测试。试验结果表明,各行排肥量一致性变异系数为4.32%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数为3.45%;平均垄高为352 mm,平均垄间距为943 mm,施肥对位精度为11 mm。机具所起的垄体表面光滑、垄沟干净,能实现旋耕、起垄、垄体对位精准分层施肥等作业,满足草莓起垄施肥的农艺要求。

In order to solve the problems of high soil moisture content in strawberry planting season in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,such as Jiangsu and Anhui,easy slippage of traditional strawberry ridge machines,insufficient ridge height,low efficiency,and single function,a tracked self-propelled strawberry ridging and fertilizing machine was developed.The machine was powered by the rubber crawler chassis.It adopted furrow setting for soil cultivation,ridge forming device for soil gathering,and the comprehensive ridge raising technology for ridge copying and suppression.It used the layer fertilizing device to complete the layer fertilizing operation of the ridge body.Through theoretical analysis and 3D modeling,the structural parameters of key components such as rotary tillage ditching device,ridge copying suppression device,and layer fertilization device were determined.The static fertilizer discharge performance test and field operation performance test of the machine were carried out.The test results showed that the coefficient of variation of consistent fertilizer discharge of each row was 4.32%,and the coefficient of variation of total fertilizer discharge stability was 3.45%.The average ridge height was 352 mm,the average ridge spacing was 943 mm,and the application alignment accuracy was 11 mm.The surface of the ridge body was smooth,and the furrows were clean,which can realize rotary tillage,ridge raising,and precise stratified fertilization of the ridge body in the opposite position and meet the agronomic requirements of strawberry ridge raising fertilization.