山西省农业机械化水平评价及空间分异

Evaluation and spatial differentiation of agricultural mechanization level in Shanxi Province

科学的对山西省不同地区农业机械化发展水平进行测度及空间差异分析,对促进全省农业机械化整体协调快速发展具有重要意义。分别采用加权综合法和改进多边形面积法对山西省及所辖11个地级市2017—2019年的综合机械化率进行测算,采用聚类分析的方法对各地级市进行分类,运用泰尔指数分析不同区域机械化发展水平的差异,利用ArcGIS软件直观展示其空间分布情况。结果表明:加权法测算结果普遍高于多边形面积法;2019年,山西省综合机械化率达到58.78%,其中运城、朔州、晋中和临汾4个地级市综合机械化率超过全省综合机械化率。研究期间全省耕、种、灌溉、植保、收获五个环节机械化程度平均值分别为75.48%、73.64%、64.49%、24.80%和53.23%,表现出明显的不平衡性,限制农业机械化发展的最薄弱环节为植保环节;按农业机械化水平高低可将各地级市划分为三类区域,全省农业机械化水平整体差异呈现轻微波动状态,区域间差异始终大于区域内差异,其对整体差异的平均贡献率高达73.37%,平衡山西省各市农业机械发展应着重缩小区域间发展差异;分析得出自然环境条件的因素、社会经济发展的不平衡、当地农业政策及农民的重视程度是造成这种差异的主要原因。

Scientific measurement and spatial difference analysis of the development level of agricultural mechanization in different regions of Shanxi Province is of great significance to promote the overall coordinated and rapid development of agricultural mechanization in Shanxi Province.The weighted synthesis method and the improved polygon area method were used to calculate the comprehensive mechanization rate of Shanxi Province and its 11 prefecture-level cities from^(2)017 to 2019.The cluster analysis method was used to classify prefecture-level cities.The Theil index was used to analyze the differences of mechanization development levels in different regions,and the ArcGIS software was used to display their spatial distribution intuitively.The results showed that the weighted method was generally higher than the polygon area method.In 2019,the comprehensive mechanization rate of Shanxi Province reached 58.78%,among which the comprehensive mechanization rate of Yuncheng,Shuozhou,Jinzhong,and Linfen exceeded that of the whole province.During the studied period,the average mechanization degree of the five links of ploughing,sowing,irrigation,plant protection,and harvest in the province were 75.48%,73.64%,64.49%,24.80%,and 53.23%,respectively,showing an obvious imbalance.The weakest link restricting the development of agricultural mechanization was plant protection.According to the level of agricultural mechanization,prefecture-level cities could be divided into three types of regions.The overall difference in agricultural mechanization level in the whole province showed a slight fluctuation.The difference between regions is always greater than the difference within regions,and its average contribution rate to the overall difference was as high as 73.37%.To balance the development of agricultural machinery in various cities of Shanxi Province,we should focus on narrowing the development differences between regions.It was concluded that the factors of natural environmental conditions,the imbalance of social and economic development,local agricultural policies,and farmers attention were the main reasons for this difference.