欧美史学的引入与中国史家的话语权焦虑——一个当代学术史的考察

The Introducing of Euro-American Historiography and Chinese Historians’ Anxiety for a Power-based Discourse Right——A Historical Perspective

自19世纪末以来,中国史学经历了三次转型,多种"新史学"次第登场,旧传统崩塌,新传统难以确立,以致当前的中国史学在理念、结构、范式、知识体系、研究方式乃至表述形式等方面,均打上了深重的外来印记。中国史家越来越离不开欧美史学的模式及启发,同时也感受到越来越难以承受的文化压力,由此引发"中学"和"西学"、传统和现代、政治和学术、民族主义和国际主义之间的多重博弈。为了走出困局,中国史家纷纷设想以多种方式构建自己的史学话语体系,冲破欧美史学的笼罩。然则要在当今学术全球化的时代实现这一目标,不仅不得不继续借用来自欧美史学的理论和方法,而且还必须取得能为欧美史学界所认可的研究成果。这一悖论无疑进一步加重了中国史家的话语权焦虑。

Since the late nineteenth century,Chinese historiography has witnessed three stages of transformation,and various forms of new history emerged one after another.In that process,previous traditions have collapsed while new ones have not yet been set up.Therefore,Euro-American historiography has left remarkable imprints on almost every aspect of Chinese historiography,including historical thought,disciplinary structure,research paradigms,system of historical knowledge,and ways of scholarly operation.The models and inspirations from Euro-American historiography have become more and more indispensable to undertakings of Chinese historians,and at the same time they felt increasingly unbearable cultural pressures.The phenomenon has given rise to a tremendous tension between the Chinese learning and the Western learning,the traditional and the modern,and nationalism and internationalism.In order to get rid of the dilemma,Chinese historians have come up with propositions to build up their own systems of discourse,in place of the Euro-American ones.Nevertheless,to achieve such a goal in the present age of academic globalization,Chinese historians not only have to keep on borrowing theories and methods from Euro-American historiography,but also to get their research achievements acknowledged in the historical circle in Europe and America.It is no doubt that this new paradox enhances the Chinese historians’ anxiety for a power-based discourse right in international historiography.