隐匿和偏离——论梅洛-庞蒂小说《北方:北极的小说》

Concealment and Divertissement——On Merleau-Ponty’s Nord. Roman de l’arctique

梅洛-庞蒂的文艺批评常被作为一种开创性的批评典范被引用,并影响了福柯、德勒兹等哲学家介入文艺的角度。而他本身与文学的关系却从不被提及,因其早年所写的小说一直不为人知。半个多世纪来这部小说和作者的双重隐匿,究其原因,与梅洛-庞蒂本人早年的爱情经历有关,也和他的宗教及哲学转变有关。在这部看似是探险小说,实则是围绕着帕斯卡尔的偏离概念展开的道德训诫小说中,偏离所揭示的生存本质和上帝的关系一直是梅洛-庞蒂哲学思考的背景。

Merleau-Ponty’s literary criticism is often cited as a groundbreaking model that has influenced the perspective of philosophers such as Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze.However,his relationship with literature has never been mentioned,because the novels in his early years were not known.The double concealments of the novel and the author for more than half a century related to Merleau-Ponty’s early love experience and his religious and philosophical changes.This novel seems to be an adventure,but in fact it is a novel of moral based on Blaise Pascal’s concept of divertissement.This concept from the relationship between the essence of existence and God revealed by him has been the background of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical thinking.