蒸制对马铃薯块茎矿质元素含量的影响

Change of Mineral Elements ContentBefore and After Potato Tuber Steaming

马铃薯块茎中矿质元素是人体矿物质营养的重要来源,通过分析不同品种块茎蒸制加工前后矿质元素质量分数变化规律,筛选出矿质元素营养保存最好的加工温度。选择品种甘农薯7号、甘农薯8号、陇薯3号、冀张薯12号、Inova和Cevisa为供试材料,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分别测定鲜薯(加工前)和90、100、110℃蒸制后钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、硫(S)、硅(Si)的质量分数。不同品种块茎矿质元素质量分数为加工前存在差异:甘农薯7号与陇薯3号的K、S和Zn质量分数高于其他品种;陇薯3号、甘农薯7号和甘农薯8号的Fe和Mg质量分数高于其他品种;陇薯3号的Ca质量分数高于其他品种;Cevisa与陇薯3号的Si质量分数显著高于其他品种。各品种矿质元素中K质量分数最高,S、Mg和Ca质量分数其次,Na质量分数为3.80~7.00 mg/100 g,Zn、Fe和Mn质量分数较低,Cu质量分数最低,Si质量分数变动较大。

The mineral elements in potato tubers were an important source of human nutrition.The research of changes of mineral elements content in different varieties of tubers under cooking and the best cooking temperature for nutrient preservation of mineral elements could provide processing reference data for potato tuber cooking.The selected test varieties were as follows:Gannongshu 7,Gannongshu 8,Longshu 3,Jizhangshu 12,Inova and Cevisa.The contents of potassium(K),sodium(Na),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn),sulfur(S)and silicon(Si)of the tubers before cooking and after cooking at 90℃,100℃,110℃were examined by ICP-OES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer),respectively.There were differences in the mineral element content of tubers of different varieties before processing.The contents of K,S and Zn in Gannongshu 7 and Longshu 3 were higher than those of other varieties.The Fe and Mg content of Longshu 3,Gannongshu 7 and Gannongshu 8 were higher than those of other varieties.The Ca content of Longshu 3 was higher than that of other varieties.The Si content of Cevisa and Longshu 3 was significantly higher than that of other varieties.The content of different mineral elements in the same variety was also different.The content of K in the mineral elements of each variety was the highest.The other elements followed as S,Mg and Ca.The content of Na was 3.80~7.00 mg/100 g,and the content of Zn,Fe and Mn was low.The Cu content was the lowest,and the Si content varies greatly in different varieties.