村镇形态要素对水体微气候冷却效应的影响分析

Influence analysis of rural morphological factors on microclimate cooling effect of water body

为了量化分析水体微气候冷却效应,指导村镇规划设计,采用实地测量和数值模拟等方法,研究了宜兴市周铁镇中水体气温冷却值的时空分布特点,并将村镇形态要素指标与水体冷却值进行相关性分析,得到不同半径范围形态要素指标对水体冷却值的影响效果,从而构建出基于村镇形态要素指标的水体冷却值回归模型.结果表明,季节变化、日夜交替以及风向风速均会对水体的冷却范围与强度产生影响.除气象要素以外,水体自身及其外部空间与植被特征共同影响水体冷却效应;水体率与绿化率的增加、周边建筑密度的减小,会导致水体冷却效应增强.基于数值模拟结果提出的水体冷却值回归模型可依据村镇形态要素指标判断水体冷却值大小,进而为村镇水体空间的设计与改造提供微气候层面的技术指导.

To quantitatively analyze the microclimate cooling effect of water body and guide the planning of villages,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the cooling value of water body in Zhoutie Town,Yixing were summarized by field measurement and numerical simulation.The correlation between the rural morphological factors and the cooling value of water body was analyzed.The effects of morphological indexes in different radius ranges on the cooling value were obtained.The regression model of the cooling value based on the rural morphological indexes was proposed.The results show that the change of seasons,the alternation of day and night,wind speed and direction have impacts on the cooling range and intensity of water body.The characteristics of water body itself,the surrounding built space and vegetation can also affect the cooling effect besides the meteorological elements.The increase of the water body rate or greening rate and the decrease of surrounding building density can lead to an increase in the cooling effect.The cooling value regression model based on the numerical simulation can measure the cooling value according to the morphological index of villages,and thus provide a technical support at the microclimate level for the design and reforming of the water space in villages.