基于文献荟萃分析方法的中国空心村整治潜力与模式

The potentiality and model of China’s hollowing village reclamation based on Meta-analysis

中国快速城镇化进程中农村空心化现象日益突出并成为制约乡村振兴发展的关键问题。采用文献荟萃分析方法,基于中国知网CNKI数据库,分析了中国空心村整治潜力时空格局及其影响因素,解析了空心村整治模式及其机制的地域差异特征。结果显示:1996—2019年CNKI数据库空心村研究文献呈快速增长态势,空心村研究文献增加与全国农村常住人口减少呈显著正相关;空心村整治潜力等级呈现"北方高南方低""平原地区高、丘陵山地区低""传统农区高、城市群地区低"的总体分布特征;农村自然地理条件、常住人口减少幅度和人均占有耕地面积是影响空心村整治潜力大小的关键因素;89.80%的县域采用村内集约型整治模式,集中分布在黄淮海平原区、长江中下游地区、四川盆地及周边地区东部,迁村并点型和城乡融合型整治模式的占比均超过50%,易地搬迁型整治模式相对较少,主要集中在胡焕庸线附近生态脆弱和贫困叠加区域。因地制宜、分类分步推进空心化村庄整治,有助于提高农村土地利用效率,显化农村土地价值。

Based on the Meta-analysis method, the study revealed the spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of the hollowing village reclamation potential in China, and analyzed the hollowing village formation mechanism. The results show that a total of 344 counties have recorded hollowing villages from 1996 to 2019, mainly located in 29 provincial administrative units, such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and Hunan. There was a significant positive correlation between the value added of literature on hollowing village and the value declined of rural resident population. The hollowing village’s reclamation potential grade had obvious characteristics of "high in the north, the plains and traditional agricultural areas, but low in the south, the hilly areas and urban agglomerations". The key factors influencing the reclamation potential included the rural natural geographical conditions, the number of rural residents and per unit cultivated area. Some 89.80% of the counties adopt intra-village intensification model,which were concentrated in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. More than 50%of counties employ village integration and the urban-rural integration models. The relocation models were mainly applied in the ecologically fragile and provety-stricken areas near the Hu Huanyong Line. This study provides reference for the implementation of rural land consolidation and rural revitalization strategy in the new period.