食物丰容对圈养猕猴行为的影响

The Effects of Food Enrichment on Behavior of Captive Rhesus Monkeys(Macaca mulatta)

为了明晰食物丰容对猕猴(Macaca mulatta)行为的影响,采用瞬时扫描法对南京红山森林动物园86只猕猴进行食物丰容前、后日行为时间节律的研究。结果表明:(1)丰容前猕猴在白天通常以休息(日均43.80%)、摄食(日均34.60%)和攀爬移动行为(日均16.40%)为主;(2)丰容后,摄食行为09:00和15:00极显著低于丰容前(P<0.01),10:00显著低于丰容前(P<0.05),09:00—10:00由58.14%降到46.51%,降低了11.63%;15:00—16:00由51.16%降到41.28%,降低了9.88%;11:00—14:00摄食行为比例增加了6.10%(P<0.05);(3)丰容后,移动行为09:00—13:00和15:00—16:00显著高于丰容前(P<0.05);(4)丰容后,11:00—13:00猕猴休息行为比例极显著低于丰容前(P<0.01)。丰容后猕猴在白天行为仍以休息(日均38.80%)、摄食(日均32.30%)和移动行为(日均23.26%)为主,但与丰容前相比休息行为占比降低了5.00%,摄食行为降低了1.30%,移动行为增加了6.86%。食物丰容对猕猴摄食行为、移动行为和休息行为时间的分配产生了显著影响(P<0.05),食物丰容增加了猕猴的活动量,尤其是增加了积极探究行为,同时减少了消极刻板行为。

In this study,86 rhesus monkeys in Hongshan Forest Zoo of Nanjing were observed to study the daily behavior time distribution before and after food enrichment using instantaneous scanning method.The results showed that:(1)before food enrichment,the daytime behaviors of rhesus monkeys were mainly rest(daily average 43.80%),feeding(daily average 34.60%)and moving(daily average 16.40%);(2)After food enrichment,the feeding behavior at 09:00 and 15:00 was extremely significant lower than that before food enrichment(P<0.01),it was significantly lower than that before food enrichment(P<0.05)at 10:00,decreased by 11.63%from 58.14%to 46.51%during 09:00-10:00,and decreased by 9.88%from 51.16%to 41.28%during 15:00-16:00;and the proportion of feeding behavior increased by 6.10%(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in feeding behavior between after and before food enrichment(P>0.05);(3)After food enrichment,the moving behavior was significantly higher than that before food enrichment(P<0.05);(4)After food enrichment,the resting behavior was significantly lower than that before food enrichment(P<0.01)during 11:00-13:00.After food enrichment,the daytime behaviors of rhesus monkeys were still mainly rest(38.80%per day),feeding(32.30%per day)and moving(23.26%per day),but compared with before food enrichment,the proportion of rest behavior decreased by 5.00%,feeding behavior decreased by 1.30%and moving behavior increased by 6.86%.Food enrichment had a significant effect on the time distribution of feeding behavior,moving behavior and rest behavior of rhesus monkeys(P<0.05).Food enrichment increased the activity of rhesus monkeys,especially the positive study behavior,and reduced the negative stereotyped behavior.