中国陆地生态敏感性时空演变特征

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of terrestrial ecological sensitivity in China

生态敏感性作为评价区域生态环境问题的重要指标之一,对区域的生态治理与管理工作具有重要意义。本文从自然生态系统、自然—社会复合生态系统、社会生态系统等视角选取生物多样性、水热环境、土壤盐渍化、土地荒漠化、土壤侵蚀和人类干扰6个指标,运用全排列多边形图示指标法对2000—2018年间中国陆地生态敏感性进行计算,并运用格网编码法对其时空演变特征进行分析。研究结果表明:①2000—2018年间中国陆地生态敏感性总体稳定,生态敏感值稳定在0.33~0.34之间;但得益于21世纪以来中国实施了一系列生态环境治理与预防工作,敏感值在2000—2018年间持续下降,表明中国陆地生态敏感性状况正在逐渐好转。②中国陆地生态敏感性空间异质性显著,呈现出“东低西高、南低北高”“城区高、郊区低”的空间分布格局。中国西部区域和北方区域自然环境恶劣,生态自我调节能力较差,易受外界因素的影响,而人类聚居区生态自我调节能力虽然较强,但由于人类活动强度较大,其敏感性反而较高。③中国陆地生态敏感性受土壤(地)环境因素影响较大,但人类干扰因素影响力也在逐年递增,这表明在经济快速发展的同时,中国的生态环境保护与治理工作仍然任重道远。

Ecological sensitivity is one of the most important indicators used to evaluate regional ecological environment. Its research is significant to regional ecological governance and management. Therefore, six indicators including biodiversity, hydrothermal environment,soil salinization, land desertification, soil erosion and human disturbance from the perspectives of natural ecosystems, natural-social ecosystems, and social ecosystems and the entire-arraypolygon indicator method were used to calculate terrestrial ecological sensitivity of China from2000 to 2018. Besides, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics were also analyzed with the grid coding method. The results showed that:(1) China’s terrestrial ecological sensitivity was generally stable from 2000 to 2018, between 0.33-0.34. However, it declined from 0.342 in2000 to 0.333 in 2018, which indicates that China’s terrestrial ecological sensitivity is gradually improving.(2) There is significant spatial heterogeneity of ecological sensitivity in China,showing a spatial distribution pattern of "low in the east and high in the west, and low in the south and high in the north", and "high in urban areas and low in suburban areas". This is mainly due to the poor natural environment in the western and northern regions of China, poor ecological self-regulation ability, and being prone to be affected by external factors.(3) In terms of driving factors, China’s terrestrial ecological sensitivity is greatly affected by soil(land) environmental factors. But at the same time, the influence of human disturbance factors is increasing year by year, which shows that China’s terrestrial ecological environment management and protection work still has a long way to go.