青藏高原国家公园群功能评价与结构分析

Function evaluation and structure analysis of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster

国家公园群是青藏高原推动生态安全屏障与区域绿色发展协同提升的重要模式探索。深入研究青藏高原国家公园群的功能结构特征,是推进国家公园有序组织、协同建设的关键科学问题。本文综合PSR评价模型、位序—规模法则、耦合协调度模型构建国家公园群功能结构识别评价方法,解析青藏高原国家公园群的多元功能类别、等级结构与功能结构特征。结果表明:①青藏高原国家公园群要维护内生和外延两类关系,对内要促进生态保护、游憩利用和社区发展之间的利益合理配置,对外要通过单体国家公园之间的有序组织来推进生态安全屏障功能和区域绿色发展,在功能发挥的尺度跨越过程中处理好协同演化关系;②青藏高原国家公园群生态保护、游憩和社区发展功能的重要性突出,科研和教育功能发展空间较大,Zipf指数表明多元功能等级符合位序—规模法则且呈现均衡发展特征,单体国家公园需根据特色定位强化其优势功能项;③青藏高原国家公园群各项功能之间的耦合度为0.7809、协调度为0.6227,呈较高强度耦合、中级协调状态,单体国家公园的多元功能耦合强度及协调程度差异较大,呈现不同的功能结构特征,可分为全面协调型、优势发展型、一般发展型和一般滞后型。本文深化了国家公园(群)功能评价研究,为青藏高原国家公园群功能优化与可持续发展提供科学参考。

National park cluster is an important mode to explore the coordination of ecological security barrier and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thoroughly studying multi-functional structure plays an important part in promoting the orderly organization and coordinated construction of national park cluster in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on the Pressure-State-Response Evaluation Model, Rank-Size Rule and Coupled Coordination Degree Model, this study established a functional structure evaluation system to analyze the multiple functional categories, hierarchical and functional structure characteristics of national park cluster. Results show that:(1) To achieve sustainable development,endogenous relationship and denotative relationship should be addressed for the national park cluster. Internally, it is necessary to promote rational allocation of interests among ecological protection, recreational utilization and community development. Externally, the ecological security barrier function and regional green development should be achieved through the orderly organization of individual parks, and the collaborative evolution relationship should be handled in the scale span process of ecological protection, scientific research, education,recreation and community development.(2) The functions of ecological protection, recreation and community development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster are prominent,and there is great potential for improvement of scientific research and education functions. The Zipf index shows the multi-functional level conforms to the Rank-Size Rule and presents a balanced development. Hence, the individual national parks need to strengthen their dominant functions according to their characteristics.(3) The coupling degree and coordination degree of multi-functions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster are 0.7809 and 0.6227,respectively, showing high-intensity coupling and intermediate coordination state. Because of great differences in the coupling strength and coordination level among individual parks, the functional structure is classified into four types of comprehensive coordination, advantage development, general development and general lag. This study not only enriches the function evaluation and structure research of national park, but also provides scientific references for the functional optimization and sustainable development of the national park cluster on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.