2016—2020年简阳市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Jianyang City from 2016 to 2020

目的分析简阳市2016—2020年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immuni-zation,AEFI)发生特征,评价预防接种异常反应监测系统运转情况,为AEFI监测工作提供参考依据。方法通过全国AEFI信息管理系统收集简阳市2016—2020年AEFI个案数据,采用描述流行病学的方法进行统计分析。结果2016—2020年简阳市共报告AEFI 622例,报告发生率为46.65/10万剂,简阳市21个乡镇均有AEFI报告,48 h内报告报告率为99.84%,48 h内调查率为98.51%。AEFI报告发生例数≤1岁组占74.60%,接种后0~1 d发生占91.00%,集中发生在5~8月。AEFI分类中一般反应555例,发生率41.63/10万剂;异常反应54例,发生率4.05/10万剂;偶合症13例,发生率0.96/10万剂。AEFI报告发生率居前5位的疫苗分别为DTap-Hib四联疫苗(25.68‰)、23价肺炎球菌疫苗(13.67‰)、百白破(无细胞)疫苗(12.93‰)、含麻疫苗(麻腮风疫苗+麻腮疫苗)(5.46‰)和乙脑减毒活疫苗(3.67‰)。结论2016—2020年简阳市AEFI监测系统运转良好、监测敏感性逐年提高、各类疫苗安全可靠、预防接种服务质量较好,但是AEFI监测报告发生率与实际存在一定偏差,监测数据的敏感性、准确性及监测质量有待进一步提高。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI)in Jianyang from 2016 to 2020,to evaluate the operation of AEFI surveillance system,and to provide reference for AEFI monitoring.Methods The AEFI case data of Jianyang City from 2016 to 2020 were collected through the National AEFI Information Management System,and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis.Results From 2016 to2020,a total of 622 AEFI cases were reported in Jianyang City,with a reported occurrence rate of 46.65/10^(5) doses.AEFI cases were reported in all of the 21 towns of Jianyang City.The reported rate within 48 hours was 99.84%,and the investigation rate within 48 hours was 98.51%.74.60%of AEFI cases were less than 1 year old and 91.00%occurred at 0-1 day after vaccination.Most cases occurred between May and August.There were 555 cases of general reaction(the occurrence rate:41.63/10^(5) doses),54 cases of abnormal reaction(4.05/10^(5) doses)and 13 cases of coupling diseases(0.96/10^(5) doses).The top five vaccines reported with AEFI were DTaP-Hib(25.68‰),23-valent pneumococcal vaccine(13.67‰),DTaP(12.93‰),MMR or MR vaccine(5.46‰)and JEV(3.67‰).Conclusions From 2016 to 2020,the AEFI monitoring system in Jianyang City worked well.The monitoring sensitivity increased year by year.All kinds of vaccines were safe and reliable,and the quality of vaccination service was good.However,there was a certain deviation between the reported occurrence rate of AEFI surveillance and the actual situation.Since,the sensitivity,accuracy and quality of monitoring data need to be further improved.