黄骅港附近海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

Community structures of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in adjacent waters of Huanghua port

为探究黄骅港生产运营对周边海洋生态环境产生的影响,本研究以2017年4个月黄骅港附近海域的生态现状调查数据为基础,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构特征,同时,应用冗余分析(RDA)研究了环境因子对黄骅港附近海域浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果显示,4个月共发现浮游植物74种,分隶于硅藻、甲藻以及蓝藻3个植物门、35个属;浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻,4个月的浮游植物优势种存在明显的交叉与季节演替;4个月浮游植物丰度为(19.4~2095.6)×10^(4) cells/m^(3),平均为762.2×10^(4) cells/m^(3),以秋季最高,春季最低,浮游植物丰度空间分布整体均表现出近岸高远岸低的分布趋势;4个季度浮游植物多样性均处于较好水平,多样性指数(H′)为2.23~2.88,夏季最高,春季最低。聚类分析(CA)结果表明,该海域浮游植物群落可以明显分为4个地理类群;RDA分析结果显示,溶解氧、悬浮物、温度、石油类以及溶解无机磷是影响该海域浮游植物群落结构的最主要环境因子,除关注港口清淤、锚地船舶排污等生产过程外,黄骅港还应加强对附近入海河流的监测,及时预警浮游植物群落结构剧变或赤潮等生态灾害。

Huanghua port plays a very important role in the north economic development of China and also brings seriously threaten to local marine ecosystem.To study the relationship between marine exploitation and phytoplankton communities,the phytoplankton community structure in the Huanghua Port adjacent waters was analyzed based on the results of four surveys during 2017.The influence of environmental factors on the phytoplankton community in the Huanghua port area was discussed using redundancy analysis(RDA).A total of 74 species belong to 35 genera of 3 phyla were finally identified.The dominant species of phytoplankton showed obvious cross and seasonal succession.The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 19.4×10^(4) to 2095.6×10^(4) cells/m^(3) over the 4 seasons,the average abundance of whole year was 762.2×10^(4) cells/m^(3),which was the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index which was the highest in the summer ranged from 2.23 to 2.88.The 15 stations can be separated into four groups(named groupⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ)by the Cluster Analysis based on the abundance.Redundancy analysis showed that the most important factors affecting phytoplankton community structure are dissolved oxygen(DO),suspended substance(SS),water temperature(WT),total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)which may promote or inhibit the growth of specific species.In addition to paying attention to the production processes such as desilting and the discharge of pollutants from ships at Anchorage,Huanghua port should also strengthen the monitoring of the nearby rivers entering the sea,which may cause great change of phytoplankton communities structure and even red tide or other ecological disasters.