民法典的实施与民事审判方式的再调整

The Implementation of the Civil Code and the Readjustment of the Civil Trial Style

民法典为民事纠纷的解决提供了更加充实和完善的实体法根据。基于民事审判方式在民事审判程序运行中的特殊地位,民事审判方式也应为民法典的实施作出相应调整。我国传统的民事审判方式是在较长时期实体法缺失或很不完善的法制环境下的产物,由此也就形成了虽追求纠纷解决结果,但却不在意深究请求权基础和法律推理逻辑的"散点式审判方式"。民法典作为体系化的、自洽的实体权利义务根据,为法律审判的"三段论"推理提供了最基本的前提条件。民法典实施的强大社会"气场"也必将有利地驱动民事审判方式再次进行调整,转向以明确原告实体请求权有无为中心的"聚焦式审判方式"。这种转向使得整个民事审判过程将始终围绕着实体请求权基础、请求权要件事实展开审判活动,从而实现了程序法与实体法的有效贯通和对接。使得以实体请求权及要件事实为中心的聚焦式审判能够更精确、细致地进行事实认定和法律适用,并催生更具技术操作规范的"要件审判法",从而能够更有效率地解决纠纷,让人们真切地感知到个案解决的实体正义和程序正义。

The Civil Code provides a more sufficient and complete basis of substantive law for civil disputes’ resolution.Based on its special status in the operation of civil procedure,the civil trial style should also make corresponding adjustments for the implementation of the Civil Code.China ’s traditional civil trial style stems from the absence of substantive law or imperfect legal environment in a long period of time,and also forms "scattered trial style" which pursues disputes resolution,but does not look into the basis of the right of claim and the logic of legal reasoning.The Civil Code,as a systematic and self-consistent basis for substantive rights and obligations,provides the most basic prerequisite for the syllogistic reasoning of legal trial.The strong social aura of the Civil Code’s implementation will also drive the civil trial to make adjustments and turn to "focused trial style",which centers on clarifying whether the plaintiff has a substantive claim or not.This shift will make the entire civil trial process always revolve around the basis of substantive claims and the elementary facts of claims,thus realizing the effective integration and engagement between procedural law and substantive law.It shall also enable the focused trial which centers on substantive claims and elementary facts,to make more precise and detailed factual determinations and legal applications.And the "elementary trial method" which has more technical and operational specifications will be created,so as to resolve disputes more efficiently and enable people to truly perceive the substantive justice and procedural justice in the resolution of individual cases.