中国城乡转型的时空格局及其优化决策

Spatio-temporal patterns of urban-rural transformation and optimal decision-making in China

城乡转型是一个多领域、多层次的综合过程。科学认知城乡转型的概念内涵,系统探讨城乡转型的格局、过程和机理,对于解决新时代突出的城乡发展不平衡、乡村发展不充分问题具有重要意义。在城乡转型理论认知的基础上,论文综合解析了中国省域城乡发展水平及其时空格局,并基于城乡发展水平耦合协调度剖析了城乡转型的格局,探讨了不同类型城乡转型区城乡融合发展的关键及其对策。结果表明:(1)城乡转型是城市地域系统演化与乡村地域系统演化交互作用的结果,其外在表征是这2个过程耦合协调的状态;(2) 2000—2018年,各省城市和乡村发展水平快速上升,城乡发展水平耦合协调度实现了由濒临失调向中级协调的转变,但中西部地区的耦合协调度显著低于东北地区和东部沿海地区;(3) 2000—2018年,全国城乡转型整体上实现了由低水平城乡统筹向中等水平城乡融合的转变,在空间上呈现出中西部地区城乡转型滞后于东部沿海地区的特征;(4)全国城乡发展可划分为高水平城乡融合区、中等水平城乡融合区、低水平城乡融合Ⅰ区和低水平城乡融合Ⅱ区4种类型,各类型区城乡转型的关键在于通过深化改革、创新机制、补齐短板等措施建立健全城乡融合发展的体制机制,不断推进新型城镇化发展和乡村振兴战略落实。

Urban-rural transformation(URT) is a comprehensive process with the characteristics of multidomains and multi-levels. A scientific understanding of the concept and connotation of URT and a systematic discussion of the patterns and mechanism of URT are of great significance to solving the problems of unbalanced urban-rural development and insufficient rural development. Based on the theoretical cognition of URT, this study comprehensively analyzed the urban-rural development level and its spatial-temporal patterns in China,revealed the patterns of URT according to the coupling coordination degree of urban-rural development level,and discussed the key of urban-rural integrated development in different types of URT areas. The results show that URT is the result of the interaction between the change of urban regional system and the change of rural regional system, and its external representation is the coupling coordination state of the two different but closely related processes. From 2000 to 2018, the level of urban and rural development in all provinces of China’s mainland has risen rapidly, and the coupling coordination degree of urban and rural development level has changed from being on the verge of imbalance to intermediate coordination. Spatially, the provincial coupling coordination degree of the central and western regions is significantly lower than that of the northeast and eastern regions. Accordingly, URT in China has realized the transformation from low-level urban-rural coordination to medium-level urban-rural integration, showing a spatial characteristic that provincial URT in the central and western regions lags behind the eastern areas, especially Beijing and the provinces in the Yangtze River Delta, where urban-rural development has entered or will soon enter the stage of high-level urban-rural integration. According to the features of URT in each province, URT in China can be divided into four types, that is, high-level urban-rural integrated area, medium-level urban-rural integrated area, low-level urban-rural integrated area Ⅰ, and low-level urban-rural integrated area Ⅱ. To continuously promote the development of newtype urbanization and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, it is urgent to establish and improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integrated development through measures such as deepening the reform,innovating the mechanism, and making up for the shortcomings.