出租车与专车服务的平台合作模式对双方利润的影响及溢出效应

The impact of platform cooperation of taxi and ride-sourcing services on profits of both parties and spillover effect

出租车服务中的搜索摩擦问题一直困扰着运营者和管理者.专车服务进入市场后,其在线匹配平台较好地解决了乘客打车难和车辆空载等搜索摩擦问题,但也进一步压缩了出租车服务的生存空间.为优化行业运营业态,提出基于平台合作的运营模式,即出租车公司与专车公司合作使用在线平台.通过共享信息模式与联合行动模式两种具体实现方法,服务更多乘客,减少搜索摩擦.尝试构建基于合作的商业生态系统,通过合理化的利润分配,实现两家公司的利润优化.研究结果表明,平台合作模式不仅增加了两家公司的利润,而且产生了溢出效应,使得乘客剩余效用与社会福利提高.算例分析中,使用旧金山市与深圳市的真实数据对公司利润进行了分析,并在拓展分析中对平台合作模式下的多种情境进行了探讨.研究结论为传统经济与平台经济的合作模式提供了一定的管理启示.

The problem of search friction in taxi service is always perplexing operators and managers.After the ride-sourcing services entered the market,its online matching platform solved the search friction problems such as the difficulty of taking a taxi for passengers and empty vehicles,but it also made it harder for taxi companies to survive.For the purpose of improving the industry efficiency,the platform cooperation mode is put forward,that is,taxi companies and ride-sourcing services companies cooperate to use the online platform.Through sharing information mode and joint action mode,more passengers can be served and search friction can be reduced.Under a business ecosystem based on cooperation,profit optimization of the two companies is realized through reasonable profit distribution.The results indicate that the platform cooperation model not only improves the profits of the companies,but also show a spillover effect,which is reflected in the improvement of the residual utility of passengers and social welfare.In the example analysis,the data of San Francisco and Shenzhen are used to analyze the profit of the company,and in the extended analysis,a variety of scenarios under the platform cooperation mode are discussed.The research conclusion provides some management enlightenment for the cooperation mode between traditional economy and platform economy.