清代内札萨克蒙古盟会的演变

The League of Inner Jasaγ Mongol and Its evolution in Qing Period

清代蒙古最基本的军事行政组织是札萨克旗,辅以盟会被称作盟旗制度。内札萨克蒙古盟会在雍正六年之前只是若干札萨克的集会,盟长是召集人,由清廷派遣大臣主持会盟。雍正六年,清廷停止派遣大臣之后,由盟长主持盟会,由此盟会逐渐发生变化。理藩院将该盟会的军政事务逐渐交给盟长办理,乾隆十三年颁给印信之后,盟长事实上成为一级军政长官。随着盟会日常事务增多,先后增置副盟长、备兵札萨克、帮办盟务等佐贰官员,盟会开始向一级军政建置演变。但是,由于蒙古游牧社会和外藩札萨克旗的特殊性和清朝对蒙古采取的分而治之政策,在清代未能完成这一转变。

Jasaγ banner was a fundamental military and administrative organization of Mongol in Qing dynasty,and combined with League,was called the league and banner system.The League of Inner Jasaγ Mongol was an assembly of several jasaγs before the sixth year of Yong Zheng in Qing Dynasty,the chief of the league was a convener,directed by the imperial commissioner.After Qing government stopped sending imperial commissioner in the sixth year of Yongzheng,the chief of league began to host the league assembly.He not only hosted the assembly,also dealt with routine affairs,in charge of military and administrative affairs,and in fact become a magistrate of league of the first rank in the Outer Province Mongols.With administrative affairs of the league increasing,some assistant officials had been added in succession,including deputy league,commander in chief of league military and league assist.The league played a role as if a rank of military and administrative unit,but it could not become a real administrative unit in Qing period,for the character of Mongol nomadic society and Jasaγ banners system,and the Qing policy to divide and rule of Mongols.