元朝在济州岛设牧马场及恭愍王对明初贡马要求的应对

The Yuan Establishment of a Horse Ranch on Jeju Island and King Gong Ying’s Response to the Request of Early Ming Court for Horse Tribute

元朝政府在济州岛设牧马场,太仆寺、宣徽院、中政院、资政院等机构的皇家马匹在此牧养。元朝末年,济州岛成为元朝与高丽争夺的地方,高丽恭愍王对济州岛的归属问题非常重视,由于元末农民战争频发,元顺帝也曾一度有过退居济州岛的打算。济州岛也是元朝征日本时的重要后勤保障之地,元朝在济州岛的屯田军和牧马场,为元朝征日本提供战马和粮食。忽必烈时期,元朝在高丽济州岛设牧马场,元末牧养在高丽的马匹数量不少。元朝灭亡后,三万余匹马遗留在济州岛。明初,朱元璋非常想得到元朝在济州岛上遗留的这些马匹,曾多次派使臣到高丽,要求高丽进贡马匹。高丽恭愍王自然不愿意将这些马匹拱手相让,寻找各种理由拒绝,致使元朝遗留在济州岛上的三万余匹马,一度成为高丽和明朝争夺的焦点。

In the Yuan Dynasty,a horse ranch was set up on Jeju Island,where the royal horses of Taipusi,Xuanhuiyuan,Zhongzhengyuan,Zizhengyuan and other institutions were herded.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty,Jeju Island became an area contested by various forces of the Yuan Dynasty and Korea.Korean King Gongmin attached great importance to the ownership of Jeju Island.Due to the frequent peasant wars at the end of the Yuan Dynasty,Emperor Toqontemur once planned to retreat to Jeju Island.Jeju Island was also an important place of logistical support for the Yuan Court to invade Japan.The Yuan Court provided war horses and food to invade Japan.In the days of Kublai Khan ruling,the Yuan Court set up a horse ranch on Jeju Island in Korea.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty,there were a lot of horses in Korea.After the fall of the Yuan Court,30,000 mongolian horses herded by the Yuan Court were left on Jeju Island.In the early Ming Dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to get these horses left over by the Yuan on Jeju Island.He sent envoys to Korea many times to ask Korea to pay tribute to the horses.Korean King Gongmin was naturally unwilling to give up these horses,looking for various reasons to refuse to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty.Thus,at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the 30,000 horses left on Jeju Island by the Yuan once became a focus of contention between Korea and the Ming Dynasty.