简析伊儿汗国前期伊儿汗与景教的关系——以《拉班·扫马和马克西行记》为中心考察视角

A Brief Analysis of the Relationship between IL-Khan and Nestorianism in the Early Stage of Ilkhanate from the perspective of Laban Sauma and Marco’s journey to the West

《拉班·扫马和马克西行记》是一部信史,是研究伊儿汗对景教所持态度及伊儿汗国国内景教信仰情况的重要参考资料。伊儿汗国前期的伊儿汗对景教既有封赏与恩宠,也有压迫与冷遇。总体来看,伊儿汗国前期的伊儿汗对景教的态度基本是以支持、同情为主。分析其原因,既有家庭氛围与历史传统的原因,也有景教大主教——马·雅巴拉哈的个人因素;既有对外政策的原因,也有出于统治的需要。通过以上分析,可以看出伊儿汗宗教倾向的形成及伊儿汗国宗教政策的制定,其原因应该是比较复杂的。既有国内外形势的客观需要,也有家族和统治者本人偏好的主观因素;既有历史传统因素,也有现实所迫因素。

"Laban Sauma and Marco’s journey to the West" is a faithful history,and is an important reference to study the attitude of Il Khan to Nestorianism and the nestorian belief in Ilkhanate.In the early stage of the Ilkhanate,the IL Khan had not only rewarded and favored the Nestorianism,but also oppressed and neglected it.Generally speaking,the attitude of IL Khan towards Nestorianism in the early period of Ilkhanate was mainly supportive and sympathetic.The reasons include not only the family atmosphere and historical tradition,but also the personal factors of the Archbishop of Nestoria——Mar YaballahaⅢ.There are both foreign policy reasons and the need to govern.Through the above analysis,we can see the formation of ILKhan’s religious tendency and the formulation of Ilkhanate’s religious policy,the reasons should be more complex.There are not only the objective needs of the domestic and international situation,but also the subjective factors of the family and the ruler’s own preference.