牙齿形态学性别差异的法医学研究进展

Forensic research progress in gender differences in dental morphology

性别鉴定在法医学中具有重要意义,可以极大地简化未知身份的个体识别。尽管基于骨骼、分子生物学、细胞学等性别鉴定方法已相对成熟,但在碎尸案件中或尸体高度腐烂时,经常无法获取完整的骨骼或软组织进行性别鉴定。而牙齿作为人体最坚硬的组织,可以在极端条件中仍保持相对完整的形态,且具有一定的性别二态性,可用于性别鉴定。目前,基于牙齿进行性别鉴定是法医学研究的主要方向之一,本文通过概括总结既往研究中基于牙齿进行性别鉴定的各种方法及其准确性,了解牙齿性别鉴定的研究进展,以期为后续相关研究提供思路。

Gender identification is of great significance in forensic medicine and can greatly simplify the identification of unknown individuals.While numerous methods for gender identification based on bone,molecular biology,cytology and other methods have been relatively mature,it is still hard to obtain complete bone or soft tissue for gender identification in cases of broken bodies or highly decomposed bodies.As the hardest tissue in human body,teeth can still maintain relatively intact form under extreme conditions with certain sex dimorphism,which can be used for sex identification.At present,sex identification based on teeth is one of the main directions of forensic medical research.The purpose of this review is to summarize various methods and accuracy of sex identification based on teeth in previous studies for understanding the research progress of tooth sex identification and providing ideas for later related research.