卡罗尔疑难辨析

On Carroll’s Puzzle

卡罗尔疑难,又称卡罗尔悖论,实质上是指任何推理规则,尤其是MP规则,被从元层次上运用于它自身,并且最终都表现为MP规则被从元层次上反复运用于它自身,而导致的推理无穷后退问题。这里的推理在层次上是扩张的。因此,凡是推理层次扩张的方案都是无法成功解决卡罗尔疑难的。推理规则的有效性包括并且仅包括两个方面,即推理规则有效和推理规则为何有效,前者预设后者。卡罗尔疑难的挑战在于追问推理规则为何是有效的,而非追问推理规则是否是有效的。卡罗尔疑难本质上不涉及经验事实。因此可以推断,凡是预设推理规则有效的解决方案,或者凡是基于经验事实的解决方案,都是不可能成功的,都是应当被排除的。

Carroll’s puzzle,also known as Carroll’s paradox,is essentially a difficult problem of infinitely regressive inference caused by any inference law,especially MP,when it is applied to itself from the meta level,which shows as MP is applied to itself from the meta level ultimately.The inference here is expanded at its levels.So,any solution is impossible to solve Carroll’s puzzle successfully if it is of inferencing level expansion.The validity of inference laws includes and only includes two aspects,i.e.,the inference laws are valid and why the inference laws are valid,the former presupposing the latter.The challenge of Carroll’s puzzle is to ask why any inference law is valid,not to ask whether it is valid.Carroll’s puzzle does not involve empirical facts in essence.Therefore,it can be inferred that any solution presupposing that the inference laws are valid,or any solution based on empirical facts,cannot succeed and should be excluded.