行动者网络理论视域中的科学传播

Science Communication from the Perspective of Actor-Network Theory

科学传播是由人与非人行动者构成的、旨在扩散与普及科学知识的行动者网络。在这一网络中,传播者运用"转译兴趣"引起人们对科学传播的兴趣,运用"转译语言"把表述知识的专业语言转换为受传者易于理解和接受的通俗语言,运用"转译场所"吸引公众参与到科学中来。为了预防征募到的行动者中途离开和兴趣发生转移,从而保证科学传播活动的顺利开展和目标的成功实现,传播者必须不失时机地征募新盟友或行动者,组建科学传播的新同盟系统并维持其稳定性。其方法就是给予各盟友或行动者留有充分沟通协商的余地和各自在科学传播行动中因地制宜对传播的技术、形式和方法等进行改造或改变的余地。

Science communication is a network of actors that is composed of human and non-human elements,and aims to spread and popularize knowledge.Communicators use the strategy of “language translation” to turn the professional language that expresses scientific knowledge into a popular language that is easy for the public to understand and accept,use the strategy of “interest translation” to arouse public interest in science communication,and use the strategy of “transfer place” to attract public participation in science.In order to prevent recruited actors from leaving midway or transfering their interests,and ensure the smooth development of science communication activities and the successful realization of their goals,communicators should utilize any opportunity to recruit new allies or actors to form a new alliance system and maintain its stability.The method is to give allies or actors sufficient room for communication and negotiation,as well as space to transform or change their respective technologies,forms,and methods of dissemination.