亚里士多德宇宙层级交互理论研究——兼对月上界与月下界分离观点的批判

Theoretical Study on the Interaction between Different Scopes of Cosmos in Aristotle: And the Criticism of the Argument about the Separation between Celestial World and Sublunary World

在亚里士多德理论体系中,整个宇宙被分为月上界和月下界两个层级。以盖德·弗罗伊登塔尔为代表的研究亚里士多德的学者认为,亚里士多德的月下界是一个封闭而独立的系统,其功能完全依赖构成月下界实体的物理定律,与月上界是完全隔离开的。但是,这种观点是不正确的,因为他们忽略了在亚里士多德的思想体系中,整个宇宙是统一的、连贯的整体,忽略了亚里士多德将月上界和月下界其实都纳入了同样的物理学的考察范畴之中。而且事实上,亚里士多德基于动力因的视角,将月上界和月下界紧密联系在一起,构成了一个连续的因果链条,把月上界视为月下界所有运动与变化的动力因来源,由此形成了他特有的月上界与月下界交互理论。

In Aristotle’s theoretical system,the cosmos is divided into two scopes,the celestial world and the sublunary world.Aristotelian scholars,represented by Gad Freudenthal,believe that Aristotle’s sublunary world is a closed and independent system whose functions are completely dependent on the physical principles that constitute the entities of the sublunary world,and is completely isolated from the celestial world.However,this view is incorrect,because they ignore that in Aristotle’s system of thought,the whole universe is a unified and coherent whole,and that Aristotle put the celestial world and sublunary world into the same physical scope of investigation.In fact,based on the perspective of efficient cause,Aristotle closely linked the celestial world and sublunary world together,forming a continuous efficient causal chain,and regarded the sublunary world as the source of all the motions and changes of the sublunary world,thus forming his unique theory of interaction between celestial world and sublunary world.