深圳市雨岛效应分析

Rain island effect in Shenzhen City

采用长序列、高分辨率的降水、气温和不透水面数据,选取13种极端气候指标,基于Mann-Kendall(M-K)/Sen氏坡度检验、Pettitt检验和Pearson相关分析法,综合分析了1979-2017年深圳市城市化对气温和降水的影响,揭示其雨岛效应.结果表明:深圳市不透水面积由1985年的58.24 km^(2)(占比2.92%)增加到2017年的932.4 km^(2)(占比46.68%),城市化发展主要集中在西部城区;城市化对气温有较为显著的影响,西部城区的气温指标相对于东部郊区增加显著,且与不透水面呈现正相关关系;深圳市表现出一定程度的雨岛效应,场次降水次数呈现降水时间<9 h增多、>10 h减少的趋势,场次降水强度呈现增强的趋势;西部城区的降水指标相对于东部郊区均呈增加趋势,与不透水面呈现较为显著的正相关关系,且深圳市降水中心有向西部城区转移的趋势.

Data on precipitation,temperature,impervious surface with long series and high resolution were used to study rain island effect in Shenzhen City.Impact of urbanization on air temperature,precipitation in Shenzhen City from 1979-2017 was characterized.Mann-Kendall trend test Sen’s slope estimator,Pettitt test,and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze extreme climate indices.Impervious surface was found to have increased from 58.24 km^(2)(2.92%)in 1985 to 932.4 km^(2)(46.68%)in 2017.Urbanization was found concentrated mainly in the western urban area.Urbanization was found to have significant impact on temperature.Extreme temperature indices in the western urban area were found to have increased significantly compared with the eastern suburbs.The indices showed significant positive correlation with impervious surface.Shenzhen City showed a limited rain island effect,and the spatial distribution was similar to urban heat island.The total number of precipitations under 9 hours was found to have increased,number of precipitations of over 10 hours decreased,but precipitation intensity increased.Extreme precipitation indices in western urban area were found to have increased compared with the eastern suburbs,showing significant positive correlation with impervious surface.Precipitation center in Shenzhen City has tended to shift to the western urban area.