LED短时强光照射提升植物工厂叶菜品质的应用策略

Application Strategy for LED Short High-light in Plant Factory for High Leafy Vegetable Quality

人工光植物工厂可采用LED照明和无土栽培技术生产绝大多数农作物种类,其中叶菜是最重要、应用最广泛的农作物种类。叶菜因受无土栽培营养液硝态氮供给浓度高、LED光照强度较低等因素的影响造成蔬菜可食部分硝酸盐累积、维生素和糖类含量低,综合营养品质偏低,是亟需解决的问题。如何通过投入较小的电能消耗利用光照调控短时间内获得较高营养品质的蔬菜产品是国内外人工光植物工厂领域的研究热点。强光照射可通过强化植物光合作用,诱导产生氧化胁迫等方式消除硝酸盐累积,增加维生素和糖类合成,提高酚酸、类黄酮和花青素等抗氧化物质的含量水平,是一种快速提升人工光植物工厂鲜食蔬菜品质的有效方法。本文提出了短时强光照射提升人工光植物工厂叶菜品质的策略,包括全生育期和采收前应用方法,并总结了研究进展和技术参数。

Most crop species can be cultivated in plant factory with artificial light(PFAL) using LED lighting and soilless cultivation technologies, including the most popular and important leafy and root vegetables which are extensively planted. Hydroponic leafy and root vegetables usually accumulated high-level nitrate, low-level ascorbate & soluble sugar contents in their edible parts due to high nitrate-nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution and low-intensity LED lighting. It is an urgent issue for PFAL development in future. Worldwide, how to improve nutritional quality of leafy & root vegetables by LED lighting through a smaller energy input is a research hotspot. High light can increase photosynthesis, induce oxidative stress to decrease nitrate accumulation, and to promote ascorbate & soluble sugar biosynthesis as well as phenolic acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin. It had been proved that high light LED lighting is a good way to improve nutritional quality of leafy vegetables for PFAL. In this paper, short-term high light LED lighting strategy is put forward, including growing period application and preharvest application with certain technological parameters.