不同花生品种对土壤铅、镉污染的抗性研究

Study on resistance of different peanut varieties to soil lead and cadmium pollution

为了筛选对铅、镉耐性较强的花生品种,探究油料作物在重金属污染耕地综合利用方面的潜在应用,通过温室栽培实验,研究了潍花八号、红花12号和黑丰一号3个品种花生在不同铅、镉浓度下的种子萌发、幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及叶片酶活性变化的抗性效应.结果表明,土壤铅、镉污染抑制花生种子萌发和幼苗生长(P<0.05),3种花生的种子萌发率、株高、生物量、茎基直径、叶绿素含量均随铅、镉质量分数升高而降低.相对于另外2个花生品种,潍花八号在铅(5、10、20 mg·kg^(-1))和镉(1、5 mg·kg^(-1))处理下有更高的植株高度(P<0.05);在铅(0、5、10 mg·kg^(-1))和镉(1、5、10 mg·kg^(-1))处理下有较高的茎基直径;在铅(5、10、20mg·kg^(-1))和镉(1、5、10 mg·kg^(-1))处理下生物量、叶绿素含量最高.铅、镉胁迫下3个花生品种叶片内抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸质量分数均提高,且不同品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05).潍花八号在镉(1、5、10 mg·kg^(-1))处理下超氧化物歧化酶活性最高,在镉(1、5 mg·kg^(-1))处理下过氧化物酶活性最高,在铅(5、10 mg·kg^(-1))和镉(1、5、10 mg·kg^(-1))处理下脯氨酸质量分数最高.研究表明,相对于另外2个品种,潍花八号对铅(5、10、20 mg·kg^(-1))、镉(1、5 mg·kg^(-1))抗性最强,在铅、镉重金属污染土壤综合利用中具有更加明显的价值.

To screen peanut varieties with strong tolerance to Cd and Pb,and explore the potential application value of oil crops in the comprehensive utilization of heavy metal polluted farmland,the resistance effects of Weihua No.8,Honghua No.12 and Heifeng No.1 on seed germination,seedling growth,chlorophyll content and enzyme activity of leaves under different concentrations of Pb and Cd were studied by a comparative experiment of greenhouse cultivation.The results showed that Pb and Cd inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of peanut(P<0.05).The seed germination rate,plant height,biomass,stem base diameter and chlorophyll content of the three peanut varieties decreased with the increasing of Pb and Cd concentration.Under Pb(5,10 and 20mg·kg^(-1))and Cd(1 and 5 mg·kg^(-1))treatment,the plant height of Weihua No.8 was higher than those of the other two peanut cultivars.Weihua No.8 had higher stem diameter under Pb(0,5,10 mg·kg^(-1))and Cd(1,5 and 10mg·kg^(-1))treatment.Under Pb(5,10,20 mg·kg^(-1))and Cd(1,5,10 mg·kg^(-1))treatments,the percentage of proline in Weihua No.8 seedlings was significantly higher than the other two peanuts.The study showed that Weihua No8 had strong resistance to Pb(5,10,20 mg·kg^(-1))and Cd(1,5 mg·kg^(-1)),and had more obvious value in the comprehensive utilization of heavy metal contaminated soil.