变电站污水治理调查评价与研究

Investigation and assessment on status of sewage treatment in substation

为探究变电站污水治理设施实际管理运行效果及优化变电站污水处理设计,对青海省不同地区共16个变电站污水治理现状进行调查研究、污水取样分析并采用单因子标准指数法进行评价。结果显示变电站污水产生量最高为0.67m^(3)/d,水环境管理重点应为生活污水;变电站污水处理设施拥有率为81.2%,但30.8%处理设施运转异常且缺乏有效的质量管控。研究表明变电站污水水质总体呈弱碱性,61.5%的污水经处理后呈不同程度超标,首要超标因子为氨氮、总磷和生化需氧量,超标倍数分别为0.27~10.33、0.86~10.20、0.62~6.65,超标率均为38.5%;其次为化学需氧量,超标倍数为1.47~2.04,超标率为23.1%;再次为悬浮物,超标倍数为0.83,超标率为7.7%。变电站污水处理设施拥有率较高但实际运行效果较差,应进一步加强运维管理和质量管控措施;从方式选择、措施设置等方面提出优化设计、提高建设质量、加强运维管控等全过程管控建议。以期为输变电工程环保工作的不断完善提供基础性的事实依据。

To explore actual operation effect of sewage treatment facilities of the substation,the status quo of sewage treatment of 16 substations in different areas in Qinghai Province is investigated and studied.Also,sewage samples are analyzed and the single-factor standard index method was used for evaluation.The results of the survey reveal that the highest amount of sewage produced in substations is 0.67 m^(3)/d,and domestic sewage is the management focus of water environment.The ownership rate of sewage treatment facilities in substations is 81.2%,but 30.8%facilities are abnormal in operation and lack of effective quality control.The evaluation results suggest the sewage quality of substations generally weakly alkaline,and 61.5%of the sewage after treatment exceeds the standard in varying degrees.The primary factors exceeding the standard are ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and biochemical oxygen demand.The exceeding multiple are 0.27~10.33,0.86~10.20 and 0.62~6.65,respectively,and the exceeding rate is 38.5%.The second one chemical oxygen demand with the exceeding multiple of 1.47~2.04 and exceeding rate of 23.1%.The third one is the suspended solid,with the exceeding multiple of 0.83 and the exceeding rate of 7.7%.The ownership rate of sewage treatment facilities in substations relatively high but the actual operation effect is comparatively poor,so the operation and maintenance management and quality control need to be strengthened.This study puts forward suggestions on optimizing design,improving construction quality and strengthening operation and maintenance control from the aspects of mode selection and measure setting,with a view to provide basic factual basis for the continuous improvement of environmental protection work of power transmission and transformation projects.