中国特色国家创新系统理论初探

A preliminary study on the theory of national innovation system with Chinese characteristics

如何建设高效协同的国家创新系统是我国新一轮中长期科技发展规划的核心关切。改革开放以来,我国创新发展的实践为世界做出了重要贡献,学者们关于中国创新实践的理论和实证研究也产出了丰硕成果。然而,当前关于中国特色国家创新系统的理论认知仍有空白,围绕中国特色国家创新系统的建设实践对国家创新系统理论发展的贡献未有系统阐述。为弥补这一缺失,本文综合运用文献计量和知识图谱分析方法,检索Web of Science和中国知网两个数据库中有关国家创新系统的研究文献,关注国家创新系统研究趋势和研究热点,通过关键词共现分析,聚焦主体构成、系统运行等方面系统梳理了国内外学者关于中国国家创新系统研究的主要内容和结论。基于上述分析,本文尝试从政策敏感性、内生性和包容性等三个方面归纳了中国特色国家创新系统的理论认知,并对未来研究做出了展望。

How to build an efficient and collaborative National Innovation System(NIS)is the core concern of China’s National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan for 2035.Since the reform and opening up,the practice of innovation and development in China has made an important contribution to the world,meanwhile Chinese scholars have produced fruitful results in theoretical and empirical research on China’s innovation practice.However,there is still a gap in the theoretical cognition of the NIS with Chinese characteristics,and the contribution of China’s innovation practice to the theoretical development of the NIS has not been elaborated systematically.In order to fill this gap,the paper used bibliometrics and knowledge graph to search the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for papers regarding China’s NIS,and focused on the research trends and research hotspots of NIS.Through keyword co-occurrence analysis,the paper summarized the main content and conclusions of research on China’s NIS from the aspects of innovation subjects and system operation.Based on the analysis above,the paper attempts to promote the theoretical cognition of Chinese NIS from three aspects.First,it reveals the policy sensitivity of the NIS with Chinese characteristics.From the perspective of the research content of China’s national innovation system,scholars focus on analyzing the development of NIS under the policy design following the reform pace,whether it is the research on the dominant position of enterprises in innovation or the collaborative innovation mechanism between enterprises,universities and research institutes.Watkins has clearly stated that the NIS with Chinese characteristics is the product of the government and relies more on top-down policy planning.Second,it indicates the endogenous nature of the NIS with Chinese characteristics.Endogeneity is typically reflected in the system gives birth to new organizations,and the emergence of new organizations promotes the evolution of the system.The research on new R&D institutions and the analysis on the formation and development of industrial clusters just reflect that China’s NIS has formed the endogenous dynamic mechanism of development at the system level.In industrial clusters,industrial chain and innovation chain are evolving together,the organizational boundary is constantly weakened,the function and orientation of traditional innovation subjects are constantly extended and developed,and new innovation subjects emerge.Third,it explains the inclusiveness of the NIS with Chinese characteristics.Inclusiveness is mainly reflected in the diversity and competitive development of domestic regional innovation systems.Faced with the unbalanced development of regional innovation,the central government has formulated trans-regional innovation strategies,strengthened regional cooperation,promoted the interaction of regional innovation elements,and coordinated the development of regional innovation.On the basis of the policies and plans of the central government,local governments formulate regional development policies to promote the development of industries with regional characteristics.The dual dominance of central and local governments is the institutional motivation for the inclusive development of the NIS with Chinese characteristics.