不同原料肉对发酵香肠食用品质的影响

Effect of Pork from Different Pig Breeds on Eating Quality of Fermented Sausages

选取3种冷鲜肉(黑土猪肉、阳光猪肉、三元猪肉),采用商业发酵剂(木糖葡萄球菌+戊糖片球菌)接种发酵的方式制备符合中国消费者口味的切片即食型发酵香肠,分析不同原料肉对发酵香肠理化特征、风味及感官特性的影响。结果表明:3种原料肉制备的发酵香肠总体可接受度良好,光泽度高、色泽暗红(红度值8.62~9.85)、组织紧密、pH 5.42~5.45;三元猪肉制备的发酵香肠总体可接受度最高(5.76分),该组较高的硬度((4963.27±484.49)g)和咀嚼性((680.33±58.94)g)贡献了较好的口感,此外,该组中21种发酵香肠典型风味物质(正辛醛、正己醛、庚醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、苯乙醛、己酸、乙酸、辛酸、戊酸、2-甲基丙酸、邻苯二甲酸双庚酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2-十一酮、2-壬酮、2-庚酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、苯乙醇、4-萜烯醇、(-)-α-蒎烯)含量明显高于其他2个处理组,这是该组清香味、果香味、甜味和干酪味较为浓郁的重要原因。综上,三元猪肉是适宜加工发酵香肠的原料肉。

Chilled pork from three pig breeds,namely indigenous black,Yangguang and three-way crossbred pigs were inoculated with a commercial starter culture containing Staphylococcus xylosus and Pediococcus pentosus for the preparation of sliced ready-to-eat fermented sausages that can cater to the taste of Chinese consumers.By doing so,we aimed to analyze the effects of different raw meats on the physicochemical characteristics,flavor and sensory properties of fermented sausages.The results showed that the overall acceptability of the three kinds of fermented sausages was good,with high gloss,dark red color(redness values of 8.62-9.85),compact tissue and pH 5.42-5.45.The overall acceptability of the fermented sausage prepared from the meat of three-way crossbred pigs was the highest(5.76),and its higher hardness((4963.27±484.49)g)and chewiness((680.33±58.94)g)contributed to better mouthfeel.In addition,the contents of 21 typical flavor substances(n-octanal,n-hexanal,heptanal,(E)-2-octenal,phenylacetaldehyde,hexanoic acid,acetic acid,octanoic acid,valeric acid,2-methylpropionic acid,diheptyl phthalate,2-methyl butenoic acid ethyl ester,butyl butanoate,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,2-undecanone,2-nonanone,2-heptanone,1-octen-3-ol,phenyl ethanol,4-terpineol and(-)-α-pinene)were significantly higher in this sample than in the other two samples,primarily contributing to the stronger clear,fruity,sweet,and cheesy flavors.In summary,the meat of three-way crossbred pigs is a suitable raw meat for processing fermented sausages.