播期对不同品种大麦饲草及籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Dates on the Yield and Quality of Forage and Grain Among Different Barley Varieties

为探讨播期对不同品种大麦饲草及籽粒产量和品质的影响,设置4个播期(因素A),以4个多棱饲料大麦品种(因素B)为材料,比较分蘖期饲草及成熟期籽粒产量和品质的差异。结果表明,播期对饲草产量影响较大,对籽粒产量影响较小。早播能增加刈割次数,提高饲草产量,其中播期A1(9月30日)饲草鲜质量(12.44 t/hm^(2))和干质量(1.49 t/hm^(2))最高。品种间饲草及籽粒产量差异均显著。品种B2(皖饲啤14008)饲草鲜质量(10.51 t/hm^(2))和干质量(1.38 t/hm^(2))最高,籽粒产量(1.82 t/hm^(2))居第2位,品种B1(扬饲麦1号)籽粒产量最高(3.58 t/hm^(2)),饲草鲜质量(9.00 t/hm^(2))和干质量(1.17 t/hm^(2))居第2位,两者均可作为饲草及籽粒兼用型品种。播期对饲草品质影响较大,对籽粒品质影响较小。播期间饲草品质除酸性洗涤木质素含量差异不显著,其他性状差异均显著,其中播期A2和A4相应性状值较高。品种间饲草品质基本无差异,参试材料均可用作优质饲草。品种间籽粒品质差异明显,其中品种B2蛋白质含量最高,品种B1淀粉含量最高,表明可以选择品种,改善饲料品质。播期与品种间互作对饲草产量有一定影响,对其他性状基本无影响。综合以上分析,冬麦区选用皖饲啤14008或扬饲麦1号,于9月30日播种,能实现优质饲草与籽粒兼收。

To ascertain effects of sowing dates on the yield and quality of both forage and grain among different barley varieties,four sowing dates(factor A)were imposed on four six-row barley varieties(factor B)to compare the differences of yield and quality of tillering forage and mature grain.The results showed sowing dates had a greater impact on forage yield and less impact on grain yield.Early sowing accelerated cutting times and raised forage yield while the highest forage fresh weight(12.44 t/ha)and dry weight(1.49 t/ha)were obtained at sowing date A1(September 30).Significant differences were identified among varieties for both forage and grain yield.Variety B2(Wansipi 14008)achieved the highest forage fresh weight of 10.51 t/ha and dry weight of 1.38 t/ha,and the second highest grain yield of 1.82 t/ha.Variety B1(Yangsimai No.1)achieved the highest grain yield of 3.58 t/ha and the second highest forage fresh weight of 9.00 t/ha and dry weight of 1.17 t/ha.Thus variety B1 and B2 can be used for harvest of both forage and grain.Sowing dates had a greater effect on forage quality but less effect on grain quality.Forage quality traits excluding acid detergent lignin content varied significantly among sowing dates of which A2 and A4 had greater values for corresponding traits.No significant differences were found among varieties for forage quality traits,which can be used as elite forage crops.Differences of grain quality were significant among varieties of which B2 had the highest protein content and B1 had the highest starch content,implying selection of varieties can improve feed quality.Interaction of sowing dates and varieties had a certain effect on forage yield but little effect on other traits.Based on the above analyses,Wansipi 14008 and Yangsimai No.1 can be used and sowed on September 30 to achieve harvest of both elite forage and grain.