主要农作物多样化轮作制度研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Perspective of Diversified Crop Rotation Systems in Main Crops

多样化轮作制度是现代农业可持续发展的重要农业技术措施,对提高区域资源利用效率、满足市场多样化需求和推进农业供给侧改革具有重要意义。实施多样化轮作制度在减少化学制品投入、保护生态环境、增加农田生物多样性、减少病虫草害等方面发挥着关键作用。本研究针对当前单一种植制度的发展现状及带来的一系列生态环境问题,提出推行多样化轮作模式的必要性。在介绍轮作制度发展历程的基础上,详细分析了多样化轮作模式的产量效应、生态环境效益、增加生物多样性、覆盖作物效应以及轮作模式的研究方法。同时还提出了多样化轮作制度的未来发展方向,如集成农机农艺配套综合管理技术,发展集约化轮作制度;建立多样化轮作模式综合评价制度,充分发挥轮作综合效应;创新轮作制度研究方法,探究轮作效应内在机制。发展多样化轮作制度已成为世界范围内实现农业健康绿色可持续发展的重要途径。

Diversified rotation system is an important agricultural technical measure for the sustainable development of modern agriculture,which is of great significance to improve the efficiency of regional resource utilization,meet the diversified demand of the market and promote the reform of agricultural supply side.The implementation of diversified crop rotation system plays a key role in reducing the input of chemical products,protecting the ecological environment,increasing the biodiversity of farmland and reducing the damage caused by diseases,insects and weeds.In view of the current development status of monoculture system and a series of ecological environment problems,this paper put forward the necessity of implementing diversified crop rotation mode.On the basis of introducing the development process of crop rotation system,the yield effects,ecological environment benefits,increasing biodiversity,crop cover effects and research methods of diversified crop rotation system were analyzed in detail.At the same time,it also put forward the future development direction of diversified rotation system,such as integrating management technology of agricultural machinery and agronomy technologies to developing intensive rotation system.And establishing comprehensive evaluation system of diversified crop rotation mode was contributed to give full play to the comprehensive effect of crop rotation.Also,research methods of crop rotation system should be innovated to explore the internal mechanism of crop rotation effect.The development of diversified crop rotation system had become an important way to realize the healthy,green and sustainable development of agriculture worldwide.