贵州新老两代糯高粱品种(系)产量和氮肥利用率的差异

Difference of Grain Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency Between New and Old Waxy Sorghum Cultivars(Lines)in Guizhou Province

为了明确贵州新老两代糯高粱品种(系)的产量和氮肥利用率差异,以红缨子、黔高8号,红壳糯、黑壳糯为试验材料,设置2个氮肥处理(LN和HN),采用裂区试验设计,研究了其产量、氮素积累以及氮肥利用特性之间的差异。结果表明:2010s品种较1990s品系的产量、干物质和氮素积累总量平均分别增加了25.4%,25.1%,33.3%。氮素收获指数在LN处理下,品种间差异显著,HN下不显著;与LN处理相比,1990s品系的花后氮占比在HN处理下明显降低,幅度为20.9%,说明2010s品种在花后的氮素同化能力上要更强,在低氮、高氮水平下都具备更强的籽粒氮素累积能力。2010s品种较1990s品系的氮肥偏生产力、氮素表观回收率、氮肥利用率以及氮肥农学效率分别提高了13.9 kg/kg、0.7 kg/kg、20.3%和4.1 kg/kg,产量、干物质和氮素积累总量与氮肥利用率显著正相关,表明贵州糯高粱单产的增加可能是氮肥利用率的提高导致的氮积累增加所致,为糯高粱的正常生理代谢提供了充足的氮供应。

In order to clarify the difference of yield and nitrogen use efficiency between new and old generations of waxy sorghum varieties(lines)in Guizhou,the sorghum cultivars of HYZ,QG8H,HongKN and HeiKN were used as experimental materials,two nitrogen treatments(LN and HN)were set up.The differenceof yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use characteristics of which were analyzed by split plot design.The results showed that:the yield,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of 2010s cultivars(HYZ and QG8H)were significantly increased by 25.4%,25.1% and 33.3%,respectively,compared with those of 1990s cultivars(HeiKN and HongKN).NHI under LN treatment was significantly different among cultivars,but not under HN treatment.Compared with LN,RNAP of 1990s cultivars decreased significantly under HN treatment,with a range of 20.9%,which indicated that the 2010s cultivar had a stronger post-flowering N assimilation capacity,and a stronger grain N accumulation capacity at both low and high N levels.NPFP,NARR,NRE and NFAE of 2010s cultivars were increased by 13.9 kg/kg,0.7 kg/kg,20.3% and 4.1 kg/kg,respectively,compared with the 1990s cultivars.Yield,DMA,TNA were significantly positively correlated with NRE,which indicated that the increased yield of waxy sorghum in Guizhou Province might relate to the increase of nitrogen accumulation caused by the improvement of NRE,which provided sufficient nitrogen supply for the normal physiological metabolism of waxy sorghum.